ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024
1. What are the risk factors for developing pneumonia in older adults?
- A. Immobility and decreased lung function
- B. Poor hygiene and aspiration
- C. Use of respiratory equipment and medications
- D. Poor nutritional status and compromised immune system
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immobility and decreased lung function. Older adults with immobility and decreased lung function are at a higher risk of developing pneumonia. Immobility can lead to decreased lung expansion and impaired clearance of secretions, predisposing to pneumonia. While poor hygiene, aspiration, use of respiratory equipment, medications, poor nutritional status, and compromised immune system can also contribute to pneumonia risk, they are not as directly associated with pneumonia in older adults as immobility and decreased lung function.
2. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with dehydration?
- A. Monitor skin turgor and check urine output
- B. Assess for jugular venous distention
- C. Auscultate lung sounds and monitor for fever
- D. Monitor for cyanosis and increased respiratory rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: When assessing a patient for dehydration, healthcare professionals should monitor skin turgor, as it indicates the degree of dehydration, and check urine output, as decreased urine output can be a sign of dehydration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly assess for dehydration. Assessing for jugular venous distention (B) is more relevant for heart failure, auscultating lung sounds and monitoring for fever (C) are more relevant for respiratory infections, and monitoring for cyanosis and increased respiratory rate (D) are more indicative of respiratory distress rather than dehydration.
3. How should the nurse prepare the sibling of a near-drowning accident victim who wants to see his brother in the pediatric intensive care unit, considering the child was present during the accident?
- A. Have the parents explain to the child why the sibling is so sick and inform the child that this could be the last time he sees his brother.
- B. Reassure the sibling not to cry in the child's room to avoid upsetting the ill child.
- C. If death is imminent, avoid informing the child about it and minimize involvement in care to protect the child from further trauma.
- D. Cover tubes and wires with a sheet, wash off any existing blood, and prepare him for what he will see.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When preparing a sibling to see their brother in the pediatric intensive care unit after a near-drowning accident, it is essential to cover tubes and wires with a sheet, wash off any existing blood, and explain what the sibling will see. This approach helps the sibling understand the situation better and prepares them emotionally for the encounter, reducing potential distress and trauma. By providing information and visual preparation, the sibling can have a more controlled and less overwhelming experience when visiting their brother in the intensive care unit. Choice A is incorrect as informing the child that this could be the last time he sees his sibling may cause unnecessary distress and anxiety. Choice B is incorrect as it dismisses the sibling's emotional response, which is essential to address in a supportive manner. Choice C is incorrect as honesty and appropriate information sharing are crucial, even in difficult situations, to help the child cope effectively with the circumstances.
4. A nurse is assessing a client with osteoporosis who is experiencing severe pain. The client's respiratory rate is 14/min. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?
- A. Promethazine
- B. Hydromorphone
- C. Ketorolac
- D. Amitriptyline
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Hydromorphone. Hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic commonly used to manage severe pain effectively. In this case, the client's stable respiratory rate of 14/min indicates that it is safe to administer an opioid for pain relief. Promethazine (choice A) is an antiemetic and antihistamine, not the first choice for severe pain management. Ketorolac (choice C) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may not be potent enough for severe pain relief associated with osteoporosis. Amitriptyline (choice D) is a tricyclic antidepressant, not typically used as a first-line medication for severe pain.
5. How should a healthcare professional manage a patient with a suspected stroke?
- A. Monitor for changes in neurological status and administer thrombolytics
- B. Monitor for speech difficulties and administer oxygen
- C. Provide IV fluids and monitor blood pressure
- D. Administer pain relief and monitor for respiratory failure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When managing a patient with a suspected stroke, it is crucial to monitor for changes in neurological status as this can provide important information about the patient's condition. Administering thrombolytics, if indicated, is a critical intervention in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke to help dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow to the brain. This choice is the correct answer because it addresses the immediate management needs of a patient with a suspected stroke. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while monitoring for speech difficulties, administering oxygen, providing IV fluids, monitoring blood pressure, administering pain relief, and monitoring for respiratory failure are important aspects of patient care, they are not the primary interventions for managing a suspected stroke.
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