what are the complications of untreated fluid overload

ATI LPN

PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor

1. What are the complications of untreated fluid overload?

A. Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure
B. Hypertension and electrolyte imbalance
C. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance
D. Pulmonary embolism and dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Untreated fluid overload can lead to complications such as pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. Pulmonary edema occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and potentially life-threatening respiratory distress. Congestive heart failure can result from the heart's inability to pump effectively due to the excess fluid volume, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hypertension, liver failure, pulmonary embolism, and dehydration are not the primary complications directly associated with untreated fluid overload.

2. What is the process for taking a telephone order from a provider?

A. Patient name, drug, dose, route, frequency
B. Read back for accuracy
C. Have a witness listen to the order
D. Write down the order and follow up

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct process for taking a telephone order from a provider involves reading back the information for accuracy. This step ensures that the order is correctly understood and reduces the risk of errors. While listing patient information (Choice A) is essential, it does not encompass the complete process of verifying the order. Having a witness listen to the order (Choice C) may not always be practical or necessary, as direct verification is more efficient. Writing down the order and following up (Choice D) is not as crucial as the immediate read-back process, which allows for real-time clarification and confirmation.

3. Which is the correct method for teaching a client to use a cane when they have left-leg weakness?

A. Use the cane on the weaker side of the body
B. Advance the cane and the strong leg together
C. Maintain two points of support on the floor at all times
D. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm (12-18 in) with each step

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct method for teaching a client to use a cane when they have left-leg weakness is to maintain two points of support on the floor at all times. This approach ensures stability and helps the client maintain balance while using the cane. Choice A is incorrect because the cane should be used on the stronger side of the body to provide additional support. Choice B is incorrect as advancing the cane and the strong leg together may compromise stability. Choice D is incorrect as advancing the cane too far with each step can lead to imbalance and falls.

4. A nurse is preparing to administer a rectal suppository to a school-age child. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A. Insert the suppository 1 cm into the rectum
B. Insert the suppository 2 cm into the rectum
C. Insert the suppository past the anal sphincters
D. Insert the suppository using two fingers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Insert the suppository past the anal sphincters.' When administering a rectal suppository, it is essential to insert it past the anal sphincters to ensure proper placement and absorption. Choices A and B are incorrect because the suppository should be inserted further than just 1 or 2 cm into the rectum to reach the optimal absorption site. Choice D is incorrect as using two fingers is not necessary and may cause discomfort to the child.

5. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is undergoing screening for prostate cancer. The nurse should expect an elevation in which of the following laboratory values?

A. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
D. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is a marker specifically used for prostate cancer screening. Elevated levels of PSA can indicate prostate cancer or other prostate-related issues, prompting the need for further diagnostic investigations. Choices B, C, and D are not typically associated with prostate cancer screening. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is related to pregnancy, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with liver and germ cell tumors, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is linked to colorectal cancer.