what are the complications of untreated fluid overload

ATI LPN

PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor

1. What are the complications of untreated fluid overload?

A. Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure
B. Hypertension and electrolyte imbalance
C. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance
D. Pulmonary embolism and dehydration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Untreated fluid overload can lead to complications such as pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. Pulmonary edema occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and potentially life-threatening respiratory distress. Congestive heart failure can result from the heart's inability to pump effectively due to the excess fluid volume, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hypertension, liver failure, pulmonary embolism, and dehydration are not the primary complications directly associated with untreated fluid overload.

2. What are the key differences between systolic and diastolic heart failure?

A. Systolic: Reduced ejection fraction; Diastolic: Preserved ejection fraction
B. Systolic: Preserved ejection fraction; Diastolic: Reduced ejection fraction
C. Systolic: Right-sided heart failure; Diastolic: Left-sided heart failure
D. Systolic: Pulmonary congestion; Diastolic: Systemic congestion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Systolic heart failure is characterized by reduced ejection fraction, meaning the heart is not pumping effectively. Diastolic heart failure, on the other hand, is characterized by preserved ejection fraction, indicating that the heart has difficulty relaxing and filling properly. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the key differences between systolic and diastolic heart failure.

3. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a prescription for the use of oxygen in his home. Which of the following should the nurse teach the client about using oxygen safely in his home?

A. Family members who smoke should be at least 10 ft away from the client when oxygen is in use
B. Nail polish should not be used near a client who is receiving oxygen
C. A 'No Smoking' sign should be placed on the front door
D. Cotton bedding and clothing should be replaced with items made from wool

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Placing a 'No Smoking' sign on the front door is crucial for fire safety when using oxygen at home. Choice A is incorrect as family members who smoke should not be around the client when oxygen is in use, not just at a distance. Choice B is not directly related to oxygen safety. Choice D is also irrelevant as the type of bedding and clothing material does not impact oxygen safety.

4. A client is postoperative following a hip replacement. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis?

A. Encourage the client to bend at the waist
B. Maintain the client in a high-Fowler's position
C. Place a pillow between the client's legs
D. Avoid placing a pillow under the client's knees

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Placing a pillow between the client's legs is beneficial after hip replacement surgery to maintain proper alignment and prevent dislocation of the prosthesis. This position helps keep the hip in a neutral position, reducing the risk of dislocation. Encouraging the client to bend at the waist (Choice A) can increase the risk of hip dislocation. Maintaining the client in a high-Fowler's position (Choice B) and avoiding placing a pillow under the client's knees (Choice D) do not directly address the need to maintain proper alignment of the hip joint to prevent dislocation.

5. A client who is taking furosemide is being taught by a nurse about dietary modifications. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to the client?

A. Bananas
B. Cabbage
C. Potatoes
D. Carrots

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Bananas. Bananas are high in potassium, which is essential for clients taking furosemide to prevent hypokalemia. Furosemide is a diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output. Therefore, recommending foods rich in potassium, such as bananas, can help maintain potassium levels within the normal range. Choices B, C, and D are not the best recommendations in this case as they are not particularly high in potassium.