ATI LPN
PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. What are the complications of untreated fluid overload?
- A. Pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure
- B. Hypertension and electrolyte imbalance
- C. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance
- D. Pulmonary embolism and dehydration
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Untreated fluid overload can lead to complications such as pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. Pulmonary edema occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and potentially life-threatening respiratory distress. Congestive heart failure can result from the heart's inability to pump effectively due to the excess fluid volume, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hypertension, liver failure, pulmonary embolism, and dehydration are not the primary complications directly associated with untreated fluid overload.
2. A client expresses doubt about the benefits of surgery. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Ask the client to explain why they believe the surgery won't help.
- B. Comment on the client's doubt regarding the procedure's benefits.
- C. Assure the client that everything will be fine.
- D. Acknowledge the client's uncertainty about the surgery.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Option D is the most appropriate response as it acknowledges the client's expressed uncertainty about the surgery. By acknowledging the client's feelings, the nurse validates their concerns and opens the door for further discussion. This approach can help build trust and rapport with the client. Option A focuses more on seeking justification for the client's belief rather than addressing the underlying emotion. Option B, while acknowledging doubt, does not directly address the client's feelings. Option C, although well-intentioned, dismisses the client's concerns without exploring them further.
3. What are the risk factors for stroke, and how can it be prevented?
- A. High cholesterol and hypertension; prevent with regular exercise
- B. Obesity and smoking; prevent with medication and weight loss
- C. Diabetes and alcohol consumption; prevent with regular checkups
- D. Lack of exercise and poor diet; prevent with lifestyle changes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. High cholesterol and hypertension are significant risk factors for stroke. Regular exercise is an effective way to prevent stroke by managing these risk factors. Choice B is incorrect as while obesity and smoking are risk factors, preventing stroke through medication and weight loss is not the primary method. Choice C is incorrect as diabetes and alcohol consumption are risk factors, but preventing stroke through regular checkups is not as direct as managing cholesterol and hypertension. Choice D is incorrect as lack of exercise and a poor diet are indeed risk factors, but the prevention of stroke through lifestyle changes needs to specifically address high cholesterol and hypertension.
4. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has myasthenia gravis (MG). Which of the following images should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is experiencing ptosis?
- A. Drooping eyelids
- B. Unequal pupils
- C. Facial twitching
- D. Facial droop
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Drooping eyelids.' Ptosis, characterized by drooping of the eyelid, is a classic symptom seen in myasthenia gravis. This occurs due to muscle weakness, particularly in the muscles that control eyelid movement. Choice B, 'Unequal pupils,' is not associated with ptosis and may indicate other neurological issues. Choice C, 'Facial twitching,' is not a typical sign of ptosis but could be related to other conditions like nerve irritation. Choice D, 'Facial droop,' is more commonly seen in conditions affecting the facial nerve, like Bell's palsy, and is not a characteristic feature of myasthenia gravis.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has a calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Constipation
- B. Absent deep-tendon reflexes
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Tingling of the extremities
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Correct! A calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL indicates hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia can lead to increased neuromuscular excitability, manifesting as tingling of the extremities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect findings associated with other electrolyte imbalances or conditions and are not typically related to hypocalcemia. Constipation is commonly seen in hypokalemia, absent deep-tendon reflexes are associated with hypermagnesemia, and nausea and vomiting are more indicative of hypercalcemia.
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