ATI LPN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers
1. The type of protein-energy malnutrition that results in edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver is:
- A. cachexia.
- B. marasmus.
- C. kwashiorkor.
- D. sarcopenia.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver. Edema is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to hypoalbuminemia, which leads to decreased oncotic pressure. Marasmus (choice B) is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency without significant protein deficiency, resulting in severe wasting. Cachexia (choice A) is a syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. Sarcopenia (choice D) is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
2. Which of the following is a function of epidemiology?
- A. Identifying disease conditions based on manifestations presented by a client
- B. Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3-year-old
- C. Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3-year-old client with pneumonia
- D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The function of epidemiology includes evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, programs, or policies implemented to improve public health outcomes. In this context, epidemiology aids in assessing the impact and success of strategies like the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in community health practice.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure ulcer. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
- A. Administer a protein supplement
- B. Increase protein intake in the client's diet
- C. Increase IV fluid intake to improve hydration
- D. Cleanse the wound from the center outwards
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to cleanse the wound from the center outwards. This technique helps prevent infection and promotes healing by ensuring that any contaminants are moved away from the center of the wound. Administering a protein supplement (choice A) or increasing protein intake in the client's diet (choice B) may be beneficial for overall healing but are not the most appropriate interventions specifically for wound care. Increasing IV fluid intake (choice C) is important for hydration but is not the most appropriate intervention for managing a pressure ulcer.
4. A charge nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse on how to clean surfaces contaminated with blood. Which of the following agents should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Hydrogen peroxide
- B. Chlorhexidine
- C. Isopropyl alcohol
- D. Chlorine bleach
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Chlorine bleach is the recommended agent for cleaning blood spills due to its effectiveness in killing bloodborne pathogens like HIV and hepatitis B. Hydrogen peroxide, Chlorhexidine, and Isopropyl alcohol are not as effective as chlorine bleach in disinfecting surfaces contaminated with blood and eliminating bloodborne pathogens, making them incorrect choices.
5. What principle about patient communication should guide a nurse's fear of 'saying the wrong thing' to a patient?
- A. Patients tend to appreciate a well-meaning person who conveys genuine acceptance, respect, and concern for their situation.
- B. Patients are more interested in talking to you than listening to what you have to say, so they are not likely to be offended.
- C. Considering the patient's history, there is little chance that the comment will do any actual harm.
- D. Most people with a mental illness have, by necessity, developed a high tolerance for forgiveness.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Effective patient communication is guided by the principle that patients value genuine acceptance, respect, and concern from their caregivers. This approach helps to build trust and fosters effective communication, enhancing the nurse-patient relationship. Choice B is incorrect because patients value both talking and listening in effective communication. Choice C is incorrect because a nurse should always consider the impact of their words on the patient, regardless of the patient's history. Choice D is incorrect as it generalizes about people with mental illness and forgiveness, which is not directly relevant to patient communication.
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