Nursing Elites

1. What is the proper depth of chest compressions for a 9-month-old infant?

• A. 1/3 the diameter of the chest or about 1 1/2 inches.
• B. 1/4 the diameter of the chest or about 1 inch.
• C. 1/2 the diameter of the chest or about 2 inches.
• D. 1/3 the diameter of the chest or about 3/4 inch.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When performing chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant, the proper depth is 1/3 the diameter of the chest, which equates to approximately 1 1/2 inches. This depth is crucial for effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in infants. Choice B, which suggests 1/4 the diameter of the chest or about 1 inch, is incorrect as it does not provide the recommended depth for infants. Choice C, stating 1/2 the diameter of the chest or about 2 inches, is too deep and may cause harm to the infant. Choice D, mentioning 1/3 the diameter of the chest or about 3/4 inch, is also incorrect as it underestimates the required depth for effective chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant.

2. In which stage do you determine if the patient has achieved the expected outcomes?

• A. Implementation
• B. Evaluation
• C. Assessment
• D. Diagnosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Evaluation is the correct stage in the nursing process to determine if the patient has achieved the expected outcomes. During the evaluation stage, the healthcare provider assesses the effectiveness of the care plan and decides on any necessary adjustments to reach the desired goals. Choice A, Implementation, is incorrect because this stage involves putting the care plan into action. Choice C, Assessment, is incorrect as it is the stage where data about the patient's health status is gathered. Choice D, Diagnosis, is also incorrect as it is the stage where the healthcare provider identifies the patient's health problems based on the assessment data.

3. Which of the following parameters is the LEAST reliable when assessing the perfusion status of a 2-year-old child?

• A. Capillary refill time
• B. Presence of peripheral pulses
• C. Skin color and temperature
• D. Systolic blood pressure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Systolic blood pressure is the least reliable parameter when assessing perfusion status in a 2-year-old child. In young children, blood pressure measurements can be variable, affected by factors like anxiety or crying. Capillary refill time, presence of peripheral pulses, and skin color and temperature are more reliable indicators of perfusion status in this age group.

4. The healthcare provider is assessing a newborn who is 2 hours old. Which finding requires immediate intervention?

• A. Acrocyanosis
• B. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute
• C. Grunting with nasal flaring
• D. Heart rate of 140 beats per minute

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Grunting with nasal flaring is a concerning sign of respiratory distress in a newborn that can indicate inadequate oxygenation. This finding requires immediate intervention to ensure the newborn's respiratory status is stabilized and to prevent further complications. Prompt assessment and appropriate intervention are crucial in such cases to prevent respiratory compromise and potential deterioration. Acrocyanosis, which is bluish discoloration of the extremities, is a common finding in newborns and usually resolves on its own. A respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute and a heart rate of 140 beats per minute are within normal ranges for a newborn and do not indicate immediate intervention is needed.

5. What is the most appropriate technique to use when explaining a central line dressing change to a preschool-age client?

• A. Show a picture of the procedure in a book.
• B. Explain the procedure with clear instructions.
• C. Let the child perform a dressing change on a doll.
• D. None of the above.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate technique to use when explaining a central line dressing change to a preschool-age client is to let the child perform a dressing change on a doll. Preschool-age children learn best through play and hands-on activities. Allowing the child to practice on a doll helps them understand the procedure in a non-threatening and interactive way. This technique can reduce anxiety, increase cooperation, and enhance the child's understanding of the dressing change process. Choices A and B do not provide a hands-on approach, which is crucial for preschool-age children. Choice D is incorrect as providing an interactive experience is more effective than just showing pictures or giving verbal instructions.

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