Nursing Elites

1. What characteristic indicates that a mass on a newborn's head is a cephalohematoma?

• A. The mass appears on the second day after birth.
• B. The mass grows larger when the newborn cries.
• C. The head appears asymmetrical.
• D. The mass is located on only one side of the head.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A cephalohematoma typically appears between the first and second days after birth, making choice A the correct answer. It results from blood vessel rupture between a cranial bone and the periosteal membrane. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the growth of the mass when the newborn cries, asymmetrical head appearance, or the mass being located on only one side of the head are not specific indicators of a cephalohematoma.

2. In educating the parents of a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the nurse mentions that the child should avoid goitrogens. Which of the following will the nurse mention as an example?

• A. Orange
• B. Tomatoes
• C. Cabbage
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen that should be avoided in children with hypothyroidism. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake, potentially worsening the condition. Cabbage, along with other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, contains compounds that can affect thyroid hormone production. Oranges, tomatoes, and grapes are not classified as goitrogens. Therefore, it is important for parents to be aware of foods like cabbage and to limit their child's intake to help manage their hypothyroidism effectively.

3. In the treatment of an infected hematoma, which of the following is NOT recommended?

• A. Incision and drainage
• B. Systemic antibiotics
• C. A and B
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is not a standard treatment for infected hematomas. The primary interventions for infected hematomas typically involve incision and drainage to remove infected fluid and debris, along with the administration of systemic antibiotics to combat the infection. Vitamin E does not play a significant role in the treatment of infected hematomas and is therefore not recommended as a primary treatment option. Choice A (Incision and drainage) and Choice B (Systemic antibiotics) are recommended treatments for infected hematomas as they help in removing infected fluid and combating the infection, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Vitamin E.

4. What is the most appropriate action to prevent heat loss in a newborn immediately after birth?

• A. Place the newborn in an incubator
• B. Bathe the newborn right away
• C. Dry the newborn thoroughly
• D. Feed the newborn

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Drying the newborn thoroughly is the most appropriate action to prevent heat loss immediately after birth. This helps to prevent heat loss through evaporation, which is crucial in maintaining the newborn's body temperature. Placing the newborn in an incubator can be a secondary step after ensuring the baby is dry. Bathing the newborn right away is not recommended as it can lead to further heat loss through evaporation. Feeding the newborn is important but not an immediate action to prevent heat loss; ensuring the baby is dry and warm takes precedence.

5. Mr. Lopez has a 7-year-old son with growth hormone (GH) deficiency. He shares with the nurse the desire of his son to play ball games. However, his wife feels the child will be in danger since he is smaller than the other children. In planning anticipatory guidance for these parents, the nurse should keep in mind which of the following?

• A. The child should be allowed to play because doing so can foster healthy self-esteem
• B. The risk for fractures is increased because GH deficiency results in fragile bones
• C. Activity could aggravate insulin sensitivity, causing hyperglycemia
• D. Activity would aggravate the child's joints, already overtasked by obesity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Children with GH deficiency may face challenges due to their size, but it is important to encourage their participation in activities like playing ball games to promote healthy self-esteem. Allowing the child to play can help in building confidence and a sense of accomplishment, which are essential for their overall well-being.

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