Nursing Elites

1. The primary responsibility for nutrition care of people in the community belongs to the:

• A. community physician.
• B. public health nurse.
• C. public health nutritionist.
• D. registered dietitian.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Public health nutritionists work within communities to ensure that populations have access to nutritional resources. They focus on promoting good nutrition, developing programs, and educating the public about healthy eating habits. While community physicians, public health nurses, and registered dietitians may also play roles in promoting nutrition in the community, the primary responsibility for nutrition care typically falls under the purview of public health nutritionists.

2. What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?

• A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
• B. impair kidney function.
• C. increase weight loss.
• D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.

3. Which of the following types of fiber is not a carbohydrate?

• A. gums
• B. lignin
• C. pectin
• D. cellulose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lignin is the correct answer because it is a type of fiber that is not a carbohydrate and provides structure to plant cell walls. Gums (choice A), pectin (choice C), and cellulose (choice D) are all types of dietary fiber that are carbohydrates. Gums are a type of soluble fiber, pectin is found in fruits and is a soluble fiber, and cellulose is a type of insoluble fiber found in plant cell walls.

4. Where are sugar alcohols most likely to be found?

• A. Fermented foods.
• B. Low-calorie foods.
• C. Fruits and vegetables.
• D. Fiber supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sugar alcohols are commonly found in low-calorie foods as sweetening agents without the calorie content of regular sugars. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sugar alcohols are not typically found in fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, or fiber supplements. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

5. Which lipoprotein increases the risk of cardiovascular disease?

• A. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
• B. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
• C. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
• D. Chylomicrons

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL is often referred to as 'bad cholesterol' because it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered 'good cholesterol' as it helps remove LDL from the arteries, reducing the risk of cardiovascular issues. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons are also lipoproteins that transport fats in the bloodstream, but they are not as strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease as LDL.

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