ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet
1. A patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) is prescribed a statin medication. What should the nurse include in the patient education?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Report any muscle pain or weakness.
- C. Increase intake of grapefruit juice.
- D. Avoid foods high in potassium.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Patients prescribed statin medications should be educated to report any muscle pain or weakness to their healthcare provider promptly. Muscle pain or weakness could be a sign of rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect associated with statin use that requires medical attention. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking statins with food or increasing grapefruit juice intake are not necessary recommendations. Avoiding foods high in potassium is also not directly related to statin use.
2. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed metoprolol. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Hyperglycemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypotension. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, can lead to a decrease in blood pressure, resulting in hypotension. Monitoring blood pressure regularly is essential to detect and manage this adverse effect. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because metoprolol typically does not cause bradycardia, tachycardia, or hyperglycemia as its primary adverse effects.
3. What is given to a child with measles?
- A. Tetanus toxoid
- B. Vitamin A
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Children with measles are given vitamin A to prevent complications, such as blindness. Vitamin A supplementation is crucial in reducing the severity and risk of complications associated with measles, particularly in populations with vitamin A deficiency.
4. A client with diabetes has a new prescription for 14 units of regular insulin and 28 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously at breakfast daily. What is the total number of units of insulin that should be prepared in the insulin syringe?
- A. 42 units
- B. 14 units
- C. 28 units
- D. 32 units
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the total number of units of insulin, you need to add the 14 units of regular insulin to the 28 units of NPH insulin, which equals 42 units. Therefore, the nurse should prepare 42 units of insulin in the syringe for the client.
5. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce to ensure correct use?
- A. Inhale deeply and slowly after activating the MDI.
- B. Hold the breath for 5 seconds after inhaling the medication.
- C. Rinse the mouth immediately after using the MDI.
- D. Exhale fully before placing the mouthpiece in the mouth.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Inhaling deeply and slowly after activating the MDI is the correct instruction to ensure effective delivery of the medication to the lungs. This technique helps the medication reach the lower airways where it can be most beneficial in managing COPD symptoms. Inhaling too quickly or not deeply enough may result in improper drug delivery and reduce the effectiveness of the treatment. Holding the breath for 5 seconds after inhaling the medication (Choice B) may not be necessary and could cause discomfort without additional benefits. Rinsing the mouth immediately after using the MDI (Choice C) is not necessary unless specified by the healthcare provider. Exhaling fully before placing the mouthpiece in the mouth (Choice D) is not ideal as it may result in inadequate medication delivery to the lungs.
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