Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is planning the care of a hospitalized 4-year-old. The most appropriate technique the nurse can use to reduce the stress of hospitalization for this child is to:

• A. Encourage the child to discuss their feelings.
• B. Encourage peer visitation.
• C. Encourage the child to play with safe medical equipment.
• D. Read a story to the child.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Encouraging the child to play with safe medical equipment is the most appropriate technique to reduce stress for a hospitalized child. This technique helps familiarize the child with medical equipment in a non-threatening way, empowering them to feel more in control of the environment. Options A, B, and D may be helpful but do not directly address the child's exposure and interaction with the hospital environment, making them less effective in reducing stress in this context.

2. In educating the parents of a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the nurse mentions that the child should avoid goitrogens. Which of the following will the nurse mention as an example?

• A. Orange
• B. Tomatoes
• C. Cabbage
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen that should be avoided in children with hypothyroidism. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake, potentially worsening the condition. Cabbage, along with other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, contains compounds that can affect thyroid hormone production. Oranges, tomatoes, and grapes are not classified as goitrogens. Therefore, it is important for parents to be aware of foods like cabbage and to limit their child's intake to help manage their hypothyroidism effectively.

3. When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask?

• A. When did you first notice the symptoms?
• B. Do you have a history of high blood pressure?
• C. What medications do you take and why?
• D. Have you previously had a heart attack?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate question to ask when assessing a geriatric patient who may have experienced an acute ischemic stroke is when the symptoms were first noticed. This information is crucial for determining the time window for potential treatments like thrombolytic therapy, as prompt intervention is necessary for stroke management. Option B is not as relevant in the acute assessment of stroke, though important for overall health history. Option C is important but may not be as time-sensitive as determining symptom onset. Option D focuses on a different cardiac event, not directly related to the current concern of a possible stroke.

4. Which of the following are classical clinical manifestations that a patient with diabetes mellitus will exhibit EXCEPT?

• A. Polyuria
• B. Polydipsia
• C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• D. Weight loss

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The classical clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus include polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and weight loss. Diabetic ketoacidosis is not a classical manifestation but rather a serious complication that can occur in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

5. A new parent reports to the nurse that the baby looks cross-eyed several times a day. The nurse teaches the parents that this finding should resolve in how long?

• A. 2 months
• B. 2 weeks
• C. 1 year
• D. 4 months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Transient strabismus, causing the baby to look cross-eyed, is due to poor neuromuscular control of the eye muscles. This condition typically resolves on its own within 3 to 4 months as the infant's neuromuscular control improves. Parents should be reassured that this is a common and temporary issue in infants. Choice A is incorrect as it is too long for the resolution of transient strabismus. Choice B is incorrect as 2 weeks is too short for resolution. Choice C is incorrect as 1 year is too long for transient strabismus to resolve.

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