Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare provider is caring for a newborn who is 2 days old. Which finding should be reported to the healthcare provider?

• A. Yellowing of the skin
• B. Presence of a small amount of blood in the diaper
• C. Peeling skin on the hands and feet
• D. Intermittent episodes of sneezing

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Yellowing of the skin may indicate jaundice in a newborn, which can be a sign of an underlying health issue such as an elevated bilirubin level. It is essential to report this finding to the healthcare provider for further assessment and appropriate management to prevent complications.

2. In public education on Typhoid fever, the condition mainly spreads through:

• A. Contaminated air
• B. Mineral water
• C. Contaminated food and water
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Typhoid fever is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, usually due to poor sanitation practices. The bacteria responsible for typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, is typically found in food or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Contaminated air is not a significant mode of transmission for typhoid fever, making choice A incorrect. While waterborne transmission can occur, it is through contaminated water rather than specifically mineral water, making choice B incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as contaminated food and water are the main sources of transmission for typhoid fever.

3. Fred, a 12-year-old boy, is diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

• A. Mild cough
• B. Slight fever
• C. Chest pain
• D. Bulging fontanel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom associated with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can occur due to inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the lung tissue, leading to sharp or stabbing pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. While cough and fever are also common with pneumonia, chest pain is particularly significant in this case.

4. When managing Kofi, a 3-year-old who is on admission and being managed for pneumonia, the nurse has just administered ibuprofen to a child with a temperature of 38.8°C. The nurse should also take which action?

• A. Plan to administer salicylate (aspirin) in 4 hours
• B. Remove excess clothing and blankets from the child
• C. Sponge the child with cold water
• D. Withhold oral fluids for 8 hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Removing excess clothing and blankets helps to promote heat loss and reduce fever. This intervention, along with the administration of antipyretics like ibuprofen, can aid in lowering the child's temperature and improving comfort during fever episodes.

5. In contrast to the contractions associated with true labor, Braxton-Hicks contractions:

• A. generally follow rupture of the amniotic sac and occur with regularity.
• B. may be intensified by activity and are accompanied by a pink discharge.
• C. do not increase in intensity and are alleviated by a change in position.
• D. consistently become stronger and are not alleviated by changing position.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Braxton-Hicks contractions are irregular and usually do not increase in intensity. Unlike true labor contractions, they tend to alleviate with a change in position, making option C the correct choice. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because Braxton-Hicks contractions do not follow rupture of the amniotic sac, are not intensified by activity or accompanied by a pink discharge, and do not consistently become stronger or are not alleviated by changing position.

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