ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. The nurse is planning measures to decrease the incidence of chest pain for a client with angina pectoris. What intervention should the nurse do to effectively accomplish this goal?
- A. Provide a quiet and low-stimulus environment.
- B. Encourage the family to visit very frequently.
- C. Encourage the client to call friends and relatives each day.
- D. Recommend that the client watch TV as a constant diversion.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a quiet and low-stimulus environment. A calm and quiet environment can help reduce stress, which is beneficial in preventing the occurrence of chest pain in clients with angina. Choice B is incorrect because excessive or frequent visitations may lead to increased stress and agitation for the client. Choice C is incorrect as it may not always contribute to a calm environment and could potentially increase the client's stress levels. Choice D is inappropriate as watching TV constantly may not promote a quiet and low-stimulus environment, which is essential in managing angina pectoris.
2. A client is reviewing information about advance directives with a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I understand that I can change my mind at any time.
- B. I have a living will that outlines my wishes when I am unable to make a decision.
- C. I need to inform my family about my wishes.
- D. I don’t need to worry about advance directives right now.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because having a living will indicates that the client understands and has documented their wishes regarding medical treatment when they are unable to make decisions. Choice A is incorrect because while it's true that clients can change their minds about advance directives, it doesn't specifically indicate an understanding of the teaching provided. Choice C is important but doesn't directly show if the client understands advance directives. Choice D is incorrect because it dismisses the importance of advance directives, indicating a lack of understanding.
3. A nurse is teaching a client with gestational diabetes about blood sugar control. Which of the following statements indicates understanding?
- A. I should test my blood sugar before each meal.
- B. I can eat any foods as long as I take my insulin.
- C. I should avoid all carbohydrates in my diet.
- D. I will only need to monitor my blood sugar at bedtime.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should test my blood sugar before each meal.' Monitoring blood sugar before meals is crucial for managing gestational diabetes as it helps in understanding how different foods affect blood sugar levels and adjusting insulin doses accordingly. Choice B is incorrect as food choices should be monitored carefully, not just relying on insulin. Choice C is incorrect because while it is important to manage carbohydrate intake, completely avoiding all carbohydrates is not recommended. Choice D is incorrect as blood sugar monitoring throughout the day is essential, not just at bedtime, to ensure proper control and management of gestational diabetes.
4. Which intervention demonstrates Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing?
- A. Respecting the patient's culture and incorporating cultural needs
- B. Promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner
- C. Understanding how to motivate people to practice a healthy lifestyle and reduce risks
- D. Teaching other nurses how to deliver the highest quality of care
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing emphasized promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner. She believed in providing comprehensive care that addresses not only the physical but also the emotional and social needs of patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly align with Nightingale's focus on holistic care and promoting good health.
5. After attaching the AED to a 7-year-old child in cardiac arrest, you push the analyze button and receive a shock advised message. After delivering the shock, you should:
- A. assess for a carotid pulse.
- B. open the airway and ventilate.
- C. immediately perform CPR.
- D. reanalyze the cardiac rhythm.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: After delivering a shock, it is crucial to immediately resume CPR. CPR helps circulate oxygenated blood to vital organs until the AED prompts you to stop for further rhythm analysis. This continuous cycle of CPR and defibrillation maximizes the chances of restoring a normal cardiac rhythm and improving the child's chances of survival. Assessing for a carotid pulse is not necessary after a shock as pulse checks are often unreliable during resuscitation. Opening the airway and ventilating is not the immediate step after delivering a shock as CPR takes precedence. Reanalyzing the cardiac rhythm should be done only when prompted by the AED after a set period of CPR.
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