the nurse is making an initial assessment of the newborn which of the following data would be considered normal

ATI LPN

ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN

1. During the initial assessment of the newborn, which of the following data would be considered normal?

A. Chest circumference 31.5 cm, head circumference 33.5 cm
B. Chest circumference 30 cm, head circumference 29 cm
C. Chest circumference 38 cm, head circumference 31.5 cm
D. Chest circumference 32.5 cm, head circumference 36 cm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. During the initial assessment of a newborn, the average head circumference at birth is 32 to 37 cm, while the average chest circumference ranges from 30 to 35 cm. Normally, the head's circumference is about 2 cm greater than the chest circumference at birth. Choice A provides measurements of chest circumference 31.5 cm and head circumference 33.5 cm, both falling within the normal range in terms of actual size and relative size. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the typical measurements seen in a healthy newborn. Choice B has both circumferences below the average range, choice C has the chest circumference above the average, and choice D has the head circumference notably higher than the chest circumference, which is not typical for a newborn.

2. In the treatment of an infected hematoma, which of the following is NOT recommended?

A. Incision and drainage
B. Systemic antibiotics
C. A and B
D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is not a standard treatment for infected hematomas. The primary interventions for infected hematomas typically involve incision and drainage to remove infected fluid and debris, along with the administration of systemic antibiotics to combat the infection. Vitamin E does not play a significant role in the treatment of infected hematomas and is therefore not recommended as a primary treatment option. Choice A (Incision and drainage) and Choice B (Systemic antibiotics) are recommended treatments for infected hematomas as they help in removing infected fluid and combating the infection, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Vitamin E.

3. How will a ventricular septal defect affect blood flow?

A. Blood will shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis.
B. Blood will shunt right to left, causing decreased pulmonary flow and cyanosis.
C. No shunting occurs due to high pressure in the left ventricle.
D. Increased pressure in the left atrium hinders the circulation of oxygenated blood in the circulating volume.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A ventricular septal defect allows blood to shunt left to right, leading to increased pulmonary flow. This results in oxygenated blood mixing with deoxygenated blood, causing no cyanosis as the mixed blood is still oxygenated. The shunting from left to right overloads the pulmonary circulation, leading to increased pulmonary flow. Choice B is incorrect because blood does not shunt right to left in a ventricular septal defect. Choice C is incorrect as shunting does occur due to the pressure differences between the ventricles. Choice D is incorrect because the defect affects the ventricles, not the atrium, and does not hinder the circulation of oxygenated blood in the circulating volume.

4. What is the appropriate technique for performing two-rescuer CPR on a 4-year-old child?

A. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with your thumbs, and delivering at least 100 compressions per minute.
B. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the chest one third the depth of the chest, and delivering each breath over 1 second.
C. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs.
D. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of both hands, and delivering each breath over 1 to 2 seconds.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When performing two-rescuer CPR on a 4-year-old child, the appropriate technique involves 15 compressions to 2 ventilations. Compressions should be done by pressing the child's sternum with the heel of your hand. Ventilations should be given until visible chest rise occurs. This technique ensures effective CPR delivery for a child in need of resuscitation.

5. Which of the following is NOT an infectious cause of diarrheal diseases?

A. Allergy
B. Bacterial
C. Parasitic
D. Viral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Allergy is the correct answer as it is a non-infectious cause of diarrheal diseases. While bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections can lead to diarrhea by affecting the gastrointestinal tract, allergies are immune system reactions triggered by specific substances and are not caused by infectious agents. Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections are known to cause infectious diarrhea, making choices B, C, and D incorrect.