ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Assessment A
1. The patient with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed aspirin. What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Take the aspirin with food to prevent gastrointestinal upset
- B. Discontinue the aspirin if experiencing ringing in the ears
- C. Take the aspirin at bedtime to minimize side effects
- D. Avoid taking aspirin if also taking other NSAIDs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Taking aspirin with food is recommended to prevent gastrointestinal irritation and upset, which are common side effects of aspirin. It helps protect the stomach lining and reduce the risk of developing ulcers. This instruction is crucial in promoting medication adherence and minimizing discomfort for the patient. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because discontinuing aspirin without consulting a healthcare provider, taking it at bedtime, or avoiding it if taking other NSAIDs can have negative consequences on the patient's health and treatment plan.
2. A nurse is completing an assessment of a newborn who is 2 hours old. Which of the following findings is indicative of cold stress?
- A. Respiratory rate of 60 per minute
- B. Jitteriness of the hands
- C. Diaphoresis
- D. Bounding peripheral pulses
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Jitteriness of the hands is a classic sign of cold stress in newborns, indicating that the infant is having difficulty maintaining a stable body temperature. Cold stress can lead to hypoglycemia and increased oxygen consumption. The other options (A, C, and D) are not directly associated with cold stress in newborns. A respiratory rate of 60 per minute may be within the normal range for a newborn. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) and bounding peripheral pulses are not specific signs of cold stress in newborns.
3. What is the right to make one's own personal decisions, even though those decisions might not be in the person's best interest?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Non-maleficence
- C. Justice
- D. Beneficence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autonomy. Autonomy is the right to make one's own decisions, even if they may not be in the person's best interest. Autonomy emphasizes an individual's freedom to choose and act according to their own values and beliefs. Non-maleficence (B) refers to the principle of 'do no harm,' Justice (C) refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of resources or benefits, and Beneficence (D) refers to the obligation to do good and act in the patient's best interest.
4. During a change-of-shift assessment, a nurse is evaluating four clients. Which finding should the nurse report to the provider first?
- A. A client with cystic fibrosis who has a productive cough and reports thirst
- B. A client with gastroenteritis who is lethargic and confused
- C. A client with diabetes mellitus whose blood glucose is 185 mg/dL
- D. A client with sickle cell anemia who reports pain 15 minutes after receiving analgesics
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Lethargy and confusion in a client with gastroenteritis are concerning findings that may indicate severe dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, requiring immediate intervention. While the other options are important, they do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk compared to the altered mental status in a client with gastroenteritis.
5. The nursing assistant asks the nurse to explain the meaning of advocacy. The nurse explains that the fundamental principle of patient advocacy is what?
- A. Independence
- B. Caring
- C. Competence
- D. Protection
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Protection. Protection is the fundamental principle of patient advocacy, ensuring that patients' rights and interests are safeguarded. Advocacy involves actively speaking up for the patient, ensuring they receive proper care, their wishes are respected, and they are protected from harm or exploitation. It goes beyond independence, caring, and competence, focusing on safeguarding the patient's well-being and ensuring their rights are upheld. While independence, caring, and competence are important aspects of patient care, they do not encompass the core principle of advocacy, which is to protect the patient's rights and well-being.
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