ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN
1. The client is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) for heart failure. Which symptom would indicate digoxin toxicity?
- A. Increased appetite
- B. Yellow or blurred vision
- C. Increased urination
- D. Diarrhea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Yellow or blurred vision can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. These visual disturbances are concerning as they indicate a potential adverse reaction to the medication. Recognizing this symptom promptly is crucial to prevent serious complications. Increased appetite, increased urination, and diarrhea are not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. Therefore, option B is the correct choice in this scenario.
2. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will decrease my intake of potassium.
- B. I will increase my intake of vitamin K.
- C. I will decrease my intake of sodium.
- D. I will increase my intake of magnesium.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'I will decrease my intake of sodium.' Lowering sodium intake is essential in managing hypertension as it helps reduce blood pressure levels. Excess sodium can lead to fluid retention and increased blood volume, putting more strain on the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, this response indicates an understanding of the teaching provided. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decreasing potassium intake, increasing vitamin K intake, and increasing magnesium intake are not primary dietary modifications recommended for hypertension. While potassium and magnesium can be beneficial for overall health, reducing sodium intake is the key dietary change to manage hypertension effectively.
3. Upon assessing a newborn immediately after delivery, you note that the infant is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate of 80 beats/min. What is the MOST appropriate initial management for this newborn?
- A. Assess the newborn's skin condition and color.
- B. Initiate positive-pressure ventilations.
- C. Start chest compressions and contact medical control.
- D. Provide blow-by oxygen with oxygen tubing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a newborn with a heart rate below 100 beats/min, the most appropriate initial management is to initiate positive-pressure ventilations. This helps support the newborn's respiratory effort and oxygenation in the setting of a low heart rate, ensuring adequate oxygen supply to vital organs. Assessing the skin condition and color, starting chest compressions, or providing blow-by oxygen are not the priority in this scenario where respiratory support is crucial.
4. A nurse is planning care for a client following gastric bypass surgery. The nurse should include which of the following dietary instructions when preparing the client for discharge?
- A. Start each meal with a protein source.
- B. Consume at least 25g of fiber daily.
- C. Check your blood glucose level before each meal.
- D. Limit your meals to three times per day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Start each meal with a protein source.' Protein is crucial for healing and maintaining muscle mass after gastric bypass surgery, making it essential to include in each meal. Choice B is incorrect because immediately after surgery, the focus is typically on a low-fiber diet to aid in healing. Choice C is unrelated to the nutritional needs following gastric bypass surgery. Choice D is also incorrect as patients recovering from gastric bypass surgery may require more frequent, smaller meals to meet their nutritional needs.
5. What are the major sources of energy for the body?
- A. Proteins and fats.
- B. Carbohydrates and fats.
- C. Proteins and carbohydrates.
- D. Vitamins and minerals.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.
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