ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. The client admitted to the hospital with pulmonary edema is preparing for discharge. The client should be reminded of the importance of complying with which measure to prevent a recurrence?
- A. Weigh oneself every morning before breakfast.
- B. Sleep with the head elevated on multiple pillows.
- C. Adjust diuretic dose without healthcare provider guidance.
- D. Take additional digoxin (Lanoxin) as a preventive measure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring weight daily, especially in the morning before breakfast, is crucial in detecting fluid retention early and preventing pulmonary edema. Sudden weight gain can indicate fluid accumulation, prompting timely intervention to prevent complications. Choice A is the correct answer because daily weight monitoring is a key component in managing heart failure and preventing pulmonary edema recurrence. Choices B and D are not directly related to preventing fluid retention or pulmonary edema recurrence. Choice C is unsafe as adjusting diuretic doses without healthcare provider guidance can lead to electrolyte imbalances and worsening of the condition.
2. A client with a history of hypertension is being discharged on a low-sodium diet. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will use fresh herbs and spices instead of salt.
- B. I will avoid canned soups and processed foods.
- C. I can eat as much bacon and sausage as I want because they taste good.
- D. I will read food labels to check for sodium content.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because bacon and sausage are high in sodium, which contradicts the low-sodium diet requirement. Consuming them freely would contribute to increased sodium intake, which is not suitable for managing hypertension. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding and actions for a low-sodium diet, such as using alternatives to salt, avoiding processed foods, and checking food labels for sodium content.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Call the provider if the respiratory rate is less than 18/min
- B. Administer a 500 mL IV bolus of 0.9% sodium chloride over 1 hour
- C. Administer enalapril 2.5 mg PO twice daily
- D. Call the provider if the client’s pulse rate is less than 80/min
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, is commonly prescribed to manage hypertension and heart failure. It helps reduce the workload on the heart and prevent fluid retention. Options A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A focuses on a respiratory rate, which is not specific to heart failure management. Option B suggests administering a large IV bolus of fluid, which can worsen heart failure by increasing fluid volume. Option D addresses the pulse rate, which is not a typical parameter to monitor for heart failure specifically.
4. Which of the following is a sign of altered mental status in a small child?
- A. Fear of the EMT's presence.
- B. Recognition of the parents.
- C. Inattention to the EMT's presence.
- D. Consistent eye contact with the EMT.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inattention to the EMT's presence is a sign of altered mental status in a small child. When a child is not responsive or does not acknowledge the presence of the EMT, it could indicate a change in their mental status. This lack of attention or awareness may signify a neurological issue or other medical condition affecting the child's cognitive function.
5. A client is being educated by a nurse on nutritional intake. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Carbohydrates should be at least 45% of your caloric intake
- B. Protein should be at least 55% of your caloric intake
- C. Carbohydrates should be at least 30% of your caloric intake
- D. Protein should be at least 60% of your caloric intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates should make up 45-65% of daily caloric intake as they are the body’s main source of energy. This aligns with general dietary recommendations. Choice B is incorrect as protein should typically make up about 10-35% of daily caloric intake, not 55%. Choice C is also incorrect, as carbohydrates should ideally be between 45-65%, not 30%. Choice D is incorrect because protein should generally account for around 10-35% of total caloric intake, not 60%.
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