ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN
1. The client with a history of angina pectoris reports chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin. Which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Administer another dose of nitroglycerin.
- B. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
- C. Have the client lie down and rest.
- D. Encourage the client to take deep breaths.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client with a history of angina pectoris reports chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin, it may indicate a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack. In this situation, the nurse should immediately notify the healthcare provider to ensure prompt evaluation and appropriate intervention. Delay in seeking medical attention for chest pain unrelieved by nitroglycerin can be life-threatening, as it might be a sign of a more serious cardiac event. Administering another dose of nitroglycerin (Choice A) without further evaluation can be risky, as the client's condition may require a different intervention. Having the client lie down and rest (Choice C) or encouraging deep breaths (Choice D) are not appropriate actions in this scenario where a more serious cardiac event needs to be ruled out.
2. Isolation of a child with measles belongs to which level of prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Isolating a child with measles is considered a primary prevention measure. Primary prevention aims to prevent the disease from occurring by intervening before exposure to the causative agent. Isolating the child helps to contain the spread of the disease and protect those who are not already sick. This strategy falls under the realm of specific disease prevention, which is a key aspect of primary prevention.
3. A client with moderate anxiety disorder is being taught stress management techniques by a nurse. Which response by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take a walk to reduce my anxiety
- B. I will imagine myself in a calm place when I can't concentrate
- C. I will meditate every other week
- D. I will cut back on my caffeine intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because imagining oneself in a calm place is a relaxation technique that helps reduce anxiety. Walking, meditating every other week, or cutting back on caffeine intake may have their benefits, but they are not as directly related to the immediate management of anxiety as the visualization technique described in option B.
4. The rate of gastric emptying depends on the:
- A. time of day food is consumed.
- B. composition of food consumed.
- C. rate of food consumption.
- D. frequency of eating.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The rate at which the stomach empties its contents is primarily determined by the composition of the food consumed. Foods high in fat and protein tend to slow down gastric emptying, while foods high in carbohydrates usually pass through more quickly. Therefore, the composition of food consumed directly impacts the rate of gastric emptying. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly affect the rate of gastric emptying.
5. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Protein group of MyPlate is:
- A. 1 tbsp peanut butter.
- B. 3 oz fish.
- C. 2 oz cheese.
- D. 1/2 cup cooked dry beans or peas.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: One tablespoon of peanut butter is equivalent to one serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. It provides a good amount of protein and healthy fats. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent larger serving sizes than a single serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. 3 oz of fish, 2 oz of cheese, and 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans or peas would exceed the recommended serving size for the Protein group.
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