ATI LPN
Pediatric ATI Proctored Test
1. What is the reason for Asthma in 4-year-old Mabele, as Mrs. Joyce Thomson inquires? How would you explain it?
- A. Asthma occurs due to inflammation of the respiratory tract triggered by infections.
- B. An asthmatic attack can occur when the child is exposed to certain allergens, triggering an allergic reaction in the bronchioles that causes bronchial constriction.
- C. An asthmatic attack is a response to the release of inflammatory mediators to epithelial cells, affecting the autonomic neural control of the airway.
- D. Asthma is not an inborn problem; it involves abnormal growth of the bronchial tree causing restriction.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Asthma in children like Mabele can be triggered by exposure to allergens, leading to an allergic reaction in the bronchioles. This reaction causes constriction of the bronchial tree, resulting in an asthmatic attack. It is essential for caregivers to identify and minimize exposure to these triggers to manage and prevent asthma episodes effectively.
2. When providing discharge teaching to a client with diabetes, what is the most important instruction?
- A. Check blood sugar levels once daily
- B. Administer insulin as prescribed before meals
- C. Take medication only when feeling unwell
- D. Eat carbohydrate-rich meals to stabilize blood sugar
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering insulin as prescribed before meals is crucial for managing diabetes. This instruction is vital as it helps the client maintain blood sugar levels within the target range. Checking blood sugar levels once daily is important but not as critical as ensuring the timely administration of insulin. Taking medication only when feeling unwell is dangerous as it may lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Eating carbohydrate-rich meals may actually destabilize blood sugar levels rather than stabilizing them, making it an incorrect choice.
3. A nurse is educating a client on how to use a cane due to left-leg weakness. What should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Use the cane on the stronger side
- B. Advance the cane and the weaker leg at the same time
- C. Use the cane on the weaker side
- D. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm (12-18 in) with each step
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to use the cane on the stronger side. By doing so, the client will have better support and balance. Choice B is incorrect because advancing the cane and the weaker leg at the same time may lead to instability and falls. Choice C is incorrect as using the cane on the weaker side does not provide optimal support. Choice D is incorrect as advancing the cane 30 to 45 cm (12-18 in) with each step is not a standard recommendation for cane use.
4. A client with a new diagnosis of cirrhosis is receiving dietary management education from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is beneficial for managing fluid retention and symptoms of cirrhosis. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening edema and ascites commonly associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their intake of sodium-rich foods is crucial in the dietary management of cirrhosis. Option A is incorrect as increasing sodium intake would exacerbate fluid retention. Option C is irrelevant to cirrhosis management unless the client has lactose intolerance. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all patients with cirrhosis, especially if they have complications like hepatic encephalopathy.
5. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change for a client who has a surgical wound. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent contamination during the dressing change?
- A. Use sterile gloves only as necessary
- B. Restart the procedure if the sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field while pouring the solution into the dressing tray
- C. Keep the dressing tray on a nearby surface
- D. Avoid speaking during the procedure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action to prevent contamination during a sterile dressing change is to restart the procedure if the sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field while pouring the solution into the dressing tray. Any contact with the sterile field by non-sterile items makes the field contaminated and requires restarting the procedure to maintain sterility. Choice A is incorrect because sterile gloves should always be used during a sterile procedure to prevent contamination. Choice C is incorrect as the dressing tray should be placed on a sterile surface, not on the client's bed, to maintain sterility. Choice D is also incorrect as talking during the procedure does not necessarily lead to contamination if proper aseptic technique is maintained.
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