Nursing Elites

1. When educating the parents of a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the nurse mentions that the child should avoid goitrogens. Which of the following will the nurse mention as an example?

• A. Orange
• B. Tomatoes
• C. Cabbage
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen. Goitrogens are substances that interfere with the normal function of the thyroid gland by inhibiting iodine uptake. Cabbage, along with other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, contain compounds that can have this effect and should be consumed in moderation by individuals with hypothyroidism to prevent worsening of their condition.

2. What action should you take if a newborn's heart rate is 50 beats/min?

• A. Begin chest compressions.
• B. Reassess in 30 seconds.
• C. Administer blow-by oxygen.
• D. Start positive-pressure ventilations.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: If a newborn's heart rate is below 60 beats per minute, the appropriate action is to start positive-pressure ventilations. Ventilations help deliver oxygen to the newborn's body and support respiratory function, which is critical in cases of bradycardia. Chest compressions are not recommended until the heart rate is below 60 despite adequate ventilation. Reassessment is essential but not the immediate action required in this scenario. Administering blow-by oxygen alone may not effectively address the underlying cause of bradycardia, making positive-pressure ventilations the priority intervention in this case.

3. You are called to a local park for a 7-year-old boy with respiratory distress. During your assessment, you find that the patient is wheezing and has widespread hives and facial edema. What should you suspect has occurred?

• A. Poison oak exposure
• B. Allergic reaction
• C. Heat illness
• D. Acute asthma attack

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The presentation of wheezing, widespread hives, and facial edema is consistent with an allergic reaction. These symptoms indicate a systemic response to an allergen, triggering respiratory distress and skin manifestations.

4. Which of the following are clinical types of diarrhoea EXCEPT?

• A. Acute watery
• B. Bloody diarrhoea
• C. Persistent diarrhoea
• D. Secretory diarrhoea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Secretory diarrhoea is not a clinical type but a distinct mechanism of diarrhoea characterized by increased electrolyte secretion. Acute watery, bloody, and persistent diarrhoea are recognized clinical types associated with different underlying causes and pathophysiologies. Acute watery diarrhoea is common in infectious gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhoea can be caused by inflammatory conditions or infections, and persistent diarrhoea typically lasts for more than 14 days due to various reasons like infections, malabsorption, or inflammatory bowel diseases.

5. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) to a postpartum client. This medication is indicated for:

• A. Rh-negative individuals with Rh-positive infants
• B. Rh-positive individuals with Rh-negative infants
• C. All individuals regardless of Rh status
• D. Individuals with a history of Rh incompatibility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) is administered to Rh-negative individuals who have given birth to Rh-positive infants to prevent Rh sensitization. When an Rh-negative individual gives birth to an Rh-positive infant, there is a risk of the mother developing antibodies against the Rh-positive blood cells, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies. Rh immune globulin is given to prevent this sensitization in Rh-negative individuals who deliver Rh-positive infants.

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