ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions
1. An 81-year-old male client has emphysema. He lives at home with his cat and manages self-care with no difficulty. When making a home visit, the nurse notices that this client's tongue is somewhat cracked, and his eyeballs appear sunken into his head. Which nursing intervention is indicated?
- A. Help the client determine ways to increase his fluid intake.
- B. Obtain an appointment for the client to have an eye examination.
- C. Instruct the client to use oxygen at night and increase humidification.
- D. Schedule the client for tests to determine his sensitivity to cat hair.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The client's cracked tongue and sunken eyes indicate dehydration. Therefore, the priority nursing intervention is to help the client determine ways to increase his fluid intake. Dehydration can exacerbate the client's emphysema symptoms and lead to further complications. Monitoring and addressing the client's fluid intake is crucial for maintaining his health and well-being. Options B, C, and D are not the immediate priorities in this situation. While an eye examination, oxygen use, and sensitivity tests are relevant aspects of care, addressing dehydration through increased fluid intake takes precedence in this scenario.
2. What are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis?
- A. Infection and hypotension
- B. Pulmonary embolism and fluid overload
- C. Blood clot formation and electrolyte imbalance
- D. Low blood pressure and nausea
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Question: What are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis? Rationale: Infection and hypotension are common complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pulmonary embolism and fluid overload (Choice B) are less common complications associated with hemodialysis. Blood clot formation and electrolyte imbalance (Choice C) are also potential complications but are not as common as infection and hypotension. Low blood pressure and nausea (Choice D) can occur but are not as prevalent as infection and hypotension.
3. A nurse on a rehab unit is creating a plan of care for a newly admitted patient who has difficulty swallowing following a stroke. Which interprofessional team members should the nurse anticipate consulting?
- A. Physical therapist
- B. Speech-language pathologist
- C. Social worker
- D. Respiratory therapist
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Speech-language pathologist. A speech-language pathologist specializes in assessing and treating swallowing disorders, making them the most appropriate consultant for a patient with difficulty swallowing following a stroke. While other interprofessional team members such as a physical therapist (choice A), social worker (choice C), and respiratory therapist (choice D) may play important roles in the patient's care, the primary focus for swallowing difficulties would be the speech-language pathologist.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of ampicillin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer it with food
- B. Check for penicillin allergy
- C. Monitor liver function
- D. Administer it intramuscularly
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Check for penicillin allergy.' Before administering ampicillin, it is crucial to assess the patient for any history of penicillin allergy. This is essential to prevent an adverse allergic reaction, as ampicillin belongs to the penicillin class of antibiotics. Administering ampicillin with food (Choice A) is not a standard requirement and does not impact its effectiveness. Monitoring liver function (Choice C) is not directly related to the immediate pre-administration assessment for ampicillin. Administering ampicillin intramuscularly (Choice D) is not typically the route of administration for this antibiotic, as it is usually given intravenously or orally.
5. A client with an NG tube is reporting nausea and a decrease in gastric secretions. What is the nurse's first action?
- A. Increase the suction pressure
- B. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
- C. Turn the client onto their left side
- D. Replace the NG tube with a new one
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first action for a client with an NG tube experiencing nausea and decreased gastric secretions is to irrigate the NG tube with sterile water. This helps alleviate blockages and can improve the client's symptoms. Increasing the suction pressure (Choice A) may exacerbate the issue and cause further discomfort. Turning the client onto their left side (Choice C) is not directly related to addressing the reported symptoms. Replacing the NG tube with a new one (Choice D) should be considered only after attempting initial interventions like irrigation.
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