ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Test
1. A client has a new prescription for albuterol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use the inhaler every 4 hours around the clock.
- B. Shake the inhaler well before use.
- C. Rinse your mouth with water after each use.
- D. Use the inhaler while lying down.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Shaking the inhaler well before use is crucial as it helps ensure proper mixing of the medication, which is essential for effective delivery of the drug to the lungs. This step is important for optimal therapeutic effects of albuterol inhalation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Using the inhaler every 4 hours around the clock without specifying a maximum number of doses can lead to overuse. Rinsing the mouth with water after each use is typically advised for inhaled corticosteroids to reduce the risk of oral thrush, not for albuterol. Using the inhaler while lying down is not recommended as it may lead to improper medication delivery to the lungs.
2. The client has been prescribed warfarin (Coumadin) and is being educated about dietary restrictions. Which food should the client be advised to avoid or eat in consistent amounts?
- A. Bananas
- B. Spinach
- C. Oranges
- D. Yogurt
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin. It is important for clients taking warfarin to maintain consistent levels of vitamin K intake to ensure the medication works properly. Foods rich in vitamin K, such as spinach, can counteract the effects of warfarin, leading to potential complications. Therefore, clients on warfarin are advised to either avoid or consume vitamin K-rich foods, like spinach, in consistent amounts to maintain the medication's efficacy. Bananas, oranges, and yogurt are not high in vitamin K and do not significantly impact the effectiveness of warfarin, making them safe options for clients taking this medication.
3. A healthcare professional is reviewing laboratory results for a client with rheumatoid arthritis prescribed methotrexate. Which of the following laboratory results should the healthcare professional report to the provider?
- A. WBC count 1,200/mm³
- B. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
- C. Platelets 150,000/mm³
- D. Blood glucose 110 mg/dL
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A WBC count of 1,200/mm³ indicates leukopenia, a serious side effect of methotrexate that can lead to increased risk of infections. It is crucial to report this finding promptly to the provider for further evaluation and possible adjustments in the treatment plan. Choices B, C, and D are within normal ranges and do not represent significant concerns related to methotrexate therapy in this context.
4. The LPN/LVN is assisting in the care of a client who has been prescribed enoxaparin (Lovenox) for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which instruction should the nurse reinforce with the client?
- A. Avoid consuming foods high in vitamin K while taking this medication.
- B. Administer the injection in the same site each time for consistency.
- C. Report any unusual bleeding or bruising to your healthcare provider.
- D. Do not take aspirin if you experience any mild pain or discomfort.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to reinforce with the client is to report any unusual bleeding or bruising to their healthcare provider. This is crucial because unusual bleeding or bruising may indicate excessive anticoagulation, a potential side effect of enoxaparin. Prompt reporting to a healthcare provider is necessary to prevent complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A is not directly related to enoxaparin and vitamin K interactions. Choice B is incorrect as rotating injection sites is essential for preventing tissue damage and irritation. Choice D is also incorrect as aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with enoxaparin.
5. Which statement indicates that a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) understands disease management?
- A. I will walk for one-half hour daily.
- B. As long as I exercise, I can eat anything I wish.
- C. My weight plays no role in this disease.
- D. My father's high cholesterol is irrelevant.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is the correct answer because regular physical activity, such as walking for half an hour daily, is beneficial for managing coronary artery disease (CAD) and promoting heart health. Walking helps improve circulation, reduce cholesterol levels, and maintain a healthy weight, all of which are crucial for managing CAD. Choice B is incorrect because diet also plays a significant role in CAD management, not just exercise. Choice C is incorrect because weight management is essential in controlling CAD risk factors. Choice D is incorrect because family history of high cholesterol can increase the risk of CAD, making it relevant for disease management.
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