a prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the

ATI LPN

LPN Pediatrics

1. Why is a prolapsed umbilical cord dangerous?

A. The cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation.
B. The cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery.
C. The baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
D. The mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. This compression can lead to oxygen deprivation, potentially causing significant harm to the baby. Immediate medical intervention is crucial in such cases to prevent adverse outcomes.

2. A nurse provides medication instructions to a first-time mother. Which statement made by the mother indicates a need for further instructions?

A. I should mix the medication in the baby food and give it when I feed the child
B. I should administer the oral medication sitting in an upright position and with the head elevated
C. I will give my child a toy after giving the medication
D. I will offer my child a juice drink after swallowing the medication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mixing medication in baby food is not recommended as it can alter the taste and the child may refuse food.

3. The Andrews family has been taking good care of their youngest, Archie, who was diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following statements indicate a need for further home care teaching?

A. He should increase his fluid intake regularly to thin secretions.
B. We'll make sure he avoids exercise to prevent attacks.
C. He is to use his bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler.
D. We need to identify what triggers his attacks.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding exercise entirely is not recommended for asthma management. Regular exercise can actually help strengthen the lungs and improve overall respiratory function. Teaching should focus on appropriate exercise routines that are suitable for individuals with asthma to prevent attacks. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate and indicate good understanding of asthma management. Increasing fluid intake helps thin secretions, using the bronchodilator inhaler before the steroid inhaler follows the correct order of inhaler administration, and identifying triggers is essential for asthma control.

4. Which of the following injuries is MOST indicative of child abuse?

A. Multiple bruises to the shins
B. Burned hand with splash marks
C. Small laceration to the chin
D. Bruising to the upper back

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bruising to the upper back is more suspicious for child abuse compared to the other listed injuries. In young children, injuries like bruises to the upper back are less likely to be accidental and may raise concerns about physical abuse. The upper back is an area less prone to accidental injuries during play or falls. Multiple bruises to the shins are common in active children. A burned hand with splash marks may suggest accidental burns. A small laceration to the chin is also a common injury from falls in children. Therefore, the bruising on the upper back is more concerning for possible child abuse.

5. An 18-month-old child presents with fever, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and a respiratory rate of 50 bpm. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis?

A. High risk for altered body temperature (hyperthermia)
B. Ineffective breathing pattern
C. Ineffective individual coping
D. Knowledge deficit

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the 18-month-old child presenting with fever, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and a respiratory rate of 50 bpm is 'Ineffective breathing pattern.' These symptoms collectively indicate respiratory distress, which aligns with the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern. Nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and an increased respiratory rate are signs of respiratory distress in pediatric patients, suggesting the need for immediate intervention to address the underlying breathing difficulties.