ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet
1. A patient with Parkinson's disease is prescribed levodopa. What dietary modification should the nurse suggest to the patient?
- A. Increase intake of vitamin C.
- B. Limit foods high in protein.
- C. Avoid foods rich in fiber.
- D. Increase sodium intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit foods high in protein. Patients taking levodopa should restrict their intake of protein-rich foods because protein can interfere with the absorption of the medication. Levodopa competes with dietary proteins for absorption in the small intestine, potentially reducing the effectiveness of the medication. Therefore, by reducing protein intake, the patient can enhance the absorption and therapeutic effects of levodopa. Increasing vitamin C intake is not necessary for patients prescribed with levodopa. Avoiding foods rich in fiber or increasing sodium intake are not directly related to optimizing levodopa therapy and might not benefit the patient's condition.
2. A client with chronic kidney failure and an AV fistula for hemodialysis is prescribed epoetin alfa. Which of the following therapeutic effects should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Reduces blood pressure
- B. Inhibits clotting of fistula
- C. Promotes RBC production
- D. Stimulates growth of neutrophils
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Promotes RBC production. Epoetin alfa stimulates erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney failure. This helps in increasing the hemoglobin levels and improving oxygen-carrying capacity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as epoetin alfa does not have direct effects on reducing blood pressure, inhibiting clotting of the fistula, or stimulating the growth of neutrophils.
3. Which assessment finding indicates a client's readiness to leave the nursing unit for a bronchoscopy?
- A. Client denies allergies to contrast media.
- B. Skin prep to insertion site completed.
- C. On-call sedation administered.
- D. Oxygen at 2 L/minute via nasal cannula.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Administering on-call sedation is crucial before a bronchoscopy to ensure the client is comfortable and adequately prepared for the procedure. Sedation helps reduce anxiety, discomfort, and ensures the client remains still during the bronchoscopy, enabling the healthcare provider to perform the procedure effectively.
4. During newborn gestational age assessment, which finding should be recorded as part of this assessment on the newborn?
- A. Acrocyanosis of hands and feet
- B. Anterior fontanel soft and level
- C. Plantar creases cover 2/3 of sole
- D. Vernix caseosa in inguinal creases
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Plantar creases covering 2/3 of the sole is an important physical characteristic used to assess gestational age in a newborn. This finding is significant because as gestational age advances, the plantar creases cover a larger portion of the sole. It is a valuable clue to the healthcare provider in determining the newborn's maturity level. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to gestational age assessment. Acrocyanosis and vernix caseosa are common findings in newborns but are not directly used for determining gestational age. The softness and level of the anterior fontanel can provide information about intracranial pressure but are not directly related to gestational age assessment.
5. When the caregiver of a child asks the nurse for reassurance about their child’s condition, which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. “I think your child is getting better. What have you noticed?”
- B. “I’m sure everything will be okay. It just takes time to heal.”
- C. “I’m not sure what’s wrong. Have you asked the doctor about your concerns?”
- D. “I understand you’re concerned. Let’s discuss what concerns you specifically.”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When providing reassurance to a caregiver about their child’s condition, it's essential to acknowledge their concern and address it specifically. Response D demonstrates empathy and a willingness to discuss the caregiver's specific concerns, which can help in providing accurate information and support to them. Choices A and B provide general reassurance without addressing the caregiver's specific concerns, which may not alleviate their worries effectively. Choice C deflects the question back to the caregiver and suggests consulting the doctor without directly engaging with the caregiver's worries, which may not offer the needed support and reassurance.
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