ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet
1. A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin. What lab test should be monitored periodically to assess for adverse effects?
- A. Liver function tests
- B. Complete blood count
- C. Blood glucose levels
- D. Serum potassium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Liver function tests. Patients on atorvastatin should have their liver function tests monitored periodically to detect any potential liver damage. Atorvastatin, a statin medication used to lower cholesterol levels, can rarely cause liver enzyme abnormalities, so regular monitoring is essential to identify any adverse effects early on. Monitoring the complete blood count (choice B), blood glucose levels (choice C), or serum potassium (choice D) is not typically required specifically for atorvastatin therapy. While these tests may be important for other conditions or medications, liver function tests are the most relevant for monitoring the adverse effects of atorvastatin.
2. The healthcare provider responds to an alarm on a pulse oximeter and sees that the patient's oxygen saturation is reading 38%. The provider observes the patient, noting a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, pink mucous membranes, and easy regular respirations. The healthcare provider concludes that the pulse oximeter is not reading accurately. Whose theory of healthcare is this provider demonstrating?
- A. Annie Goodrich
- B. Lillian D. Wald
- C. Florence Nightingale
- D. Linda Richards
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale emphasized the importance of assessing the patient's overall condition and not solely relying on technological readings. In this scenario, the healthcare provider's observation of the patient's respiratory rate, mucous membranes, and breathing pattern aligns with Nightingale's holistic approach to patient care. Annie Goodrich is known for her contributions to nursing education; Lillian D. Wald is associated with public health nursing and social reform; Linda Richards is recognized as America's first trained nurse. However, in this context, the emphasis is on the holistic patient assessment, which is a key principle of Florence Nightingale's theory.
3. How should a healthcare provider care for a patient with a nasogastric (NG) tube?
- A. Check tube placement and assess for signs of aspiration
- B. Flush the tube with water regularly to maintain patency
- C. Monitor for bowel sounds and administer medications
- D. Administer medications through the tube
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When caring for a patient with a nasogastric (NG) tube, it is crucial to check the tube placement and assess for signs of aspiration. This ensures that the tube is correctly positioned and that the patient is not at risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Choice B is incorrect as flushing the tube with water regularly is not a standard practice and may not be appropriate for all patients. Choice C is incorrect as monitoring for bowel sounds is not directly related to NG tube care, and administering medications is not the primary focus of caring for the tube itself. Choice D is incorrect because administering medications through the NG tube is a specific action that may be taken based on a healthcare provider's order, not a general care guideline for the NG tube.
4. A nurse is admitting a term newborn following a cesarean birth. The nurse observes that the newborn's skin is slightly yellow. This finding indicates the newborn is experiencing a complication related to which of the following?
- A. Maternal/newborn blood group incompatibility
- B. Absence of vitamin K
- C. Physiologic jaundice
- D. Maternal cocaine abuse
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The yellow skin observed in the newborn suggests jaundice. Maternal/newborn blood group incompatibility is a common cause of jaundice in newborns. This occurs when the mother and baby have different blood types, leading to the baby's immune system attacking the red blood cells, causing jaundice. Physiologic jaundice, which is a normal process due to the breakdown of red blood cells in newborns, typically presents after the first 24 hours of life. Absence of vitamin K leads to bleeding issues, not jaundice. Maternal cocaine abuse does not directly cause jaundice in newborns.
5. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Encourage pursed-lip breathing.
- B. Administer oxygen at 6 L/min via nasal cannula.
- C. Place the client in a supine position.
- D. Restrict fluid intake to less than 1,500 mL/day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging pursed-lip breathing is essential for clients with COPD as it aids in improving ventilation and gas exchange. This technique helps keep the airways open longer during exhalation, preventing air trapping and promoting more effective breathing. Administering oxygen, placing the client in a supine position, or restricting fluid intake are not primary interventions for managing COPD and may not address the specific respiratory needs of the client.
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