ATI LPN
ATI Adult Medical Surgical
1. What should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of enoxaparin in a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Prothrombin time (PT)
- B. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- C. International normalized ratio (INR)
- D. Platelet count
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The international normalized ratio (INR) is the appropriate parameter to monitor the effectiveness of enoxaparin in preventing clot formation in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). INR reflects the clotting ability of the blood and is commonly used to assess the therapeutic range of anticoagulant medications, such as enoxaparin, which is crucial in managing and preventing thrombotic events like DVT.
2. The client is being taught about the use of sublingual nitroglycerin for chest pain. Which instruction should be provided?
- A. Swallow the tablet whole with water.
- B. Place the tablet under the tongue and let it dissolve.
- C. Chew the tablet and then swallow.
- D. Place the tablet between the cheek and gum.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct method for administering sublingual nitroglycerin is to place the tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve. This route of administration facilitates rapid absorption of the medication into the bloodstream, enabling quick relief of chest pain associated with angina or heart conditions. Choice A is incorrect because sublingual nitroglycerin should not be swallowed whole. Choice C is wrong as chewing the tablet can lead to the rapid release of the drug, causing adverse effects like headaches or dizziness. Choice D is also incorrect as the tablet should not be placed between the cheek and gum, but under the tongue for proper absorption.
3. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus about foot care, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Soak your feet in hot water every day.
- B. Apply lotion between your toes.
- C. Inspect your feet daily.
- D. Use over-the-counter products to remove corns.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inspecting the feet daily is crucial for clients with diabetes mellitus to detect early signs of injury or infection promptly. This practice helps prevent serious complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. Soaking feet in hot water daily can lead to skin dryness and increase the risk of injury. Applying lotion between toes can cause moisture buildup, leading to fungal infections. Using over-the-counter products to remove corns can result in skin damage and should be done under healthcare provider supervision.
4. A client who is to undergo surgery for a hip fracture is being taught by a nurse about postoperative pain management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will ask for pain medication only if the pain becomes unbearable.
- B. I will ask the nurse to increase my medication if the pain doesn't subside.
- C. I will wait until the pain is severe before taking my medication.
- D. I will take my medication at regular intervals to stay ahead of the pain.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because taking pain medication at regular intervals helps maintain consistent pain control after surgery. Option A is incorrect because waiting for the pain to become unbearable can lead to inadequate pain management. Option B is incorrect as it suggests increasing medication without a schedule. Option C is incorrect because waiting for the pain to be severe before taking medication is not proactive pain management.
5. A client diagnosed with angina pectoris returns to the nursing unit after experiencing an angioplasty. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client regarding the procedure and home care measures. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?
- A. I am considering cutting my workload.
- B. I need to cut down on cigarette smoking.
- C. I am so relieved that my heart is repaired.
- D. I need to adhere to my dietary restrictions.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because cutting down on cigarette smoking is crucial for improving heart health after angioplasty. Smoking cessation helps in reducing the risk of complications and promotes better outcomes. Choices A and C are not directly related to post-angioplasty care. While reducing workload may be beneficial, it is not specifically related to the client's cardiac health. Feeling relieved that the heart is repaired is a positive emotional response but does not reflect understanding of the necessary measures. Adhering to dietary restrictions is important, but in this scenario, smoking cessation takes higher priority due to its immediate impact on heart health.
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