ATI LPN
ATI Adult Medical Surgical
1. What should the nurse include in patient teaching for a patient prescribed ceftriaxone for bacterial pneumonia?
- A. Take the medication as prescribed.
- B. Expect urine color changes.
- C. Complete the full course of the antibiotic.
- D. Avoid dairy products during treatment.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When educating a patient prescribed ceftriaxone for bacterial pneumonia, it is crucial to emphasize completing the full course of the antibiotic. Completing the full course helps ensure the infection is completely eradicated and reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance. Incomplete courses of antibiotics can lead to treatment failure and the development of resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, it is essential for patients to adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen to achieve optimal outcomes.
2. A nurse offers pain meds to a client who is postop prior to ambulation. The nurse understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles?
- A. Fidelity
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Beneficence
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, offering pain medication to a postoperative client before ambulation is an example of beneficence. Beneficence is the ethical principle related to promoting the well-being of the client, which includes providing pain relief to improve the client's comfort and facilitate their recovery. Fidelity (choice A) is about honoring commitments and being faithful to agreements, not directly related to pain management. Autonomy (choice B) refers to respecting the client's right to make decisions about their care, not specifically about pain medication administration. Justice (choice C) involves fairness and equality in healthcare resource allocation, not directly applicable in this situation.
3. Which therapeutic communication technique involves restating the patient's message to ensure understanding?
- A. Clarification
- B. Reflection
- C. Summarization
- D. Paraphrasing
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Paraphrasing is the correct therapeutic communication technique where the nurse restates the patient's message in their own words to confirm understanding. This technique helps in validating the patient's feelings and ensuring that both parties are in agreement, leading to effective communication and rapport building. Choice A, 'Clarification,' involves seeking further information to enhance understanding rather than restating the message. Choice B, 'Reflection,' involves echoing the patient's feelings to show empathy rather than restating the message. Choice C, 'Summarization,' involves condensing the main points of a conversation rather than restating a specific message.
4. What are the major risk factors for stroke?
- A. Hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking
- B. Obesity and lack of exercise
- C. Family history of cardiovascular disease
- D. Age and gender
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking are major risk factors for stroke. These factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to a stroke. While obesity and lack of exercise are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, they are not as directly linked to stroke as hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking. Family history of cardiovascular disease may increase the overall risk of heart problems, but it is not as specific to stroke as the factors listed in option A. Age and gender can influence the risk of stroke, but they are not modifiable risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking, which can be reduced through lifestyle changes.
5. A client with chronic renal failure needs dietary instructions. Which of the following should the nurse provide?
- A. Increase calcium intake
- B. Provide a diet high in potassium
- C. Restrict protein intake
- D. Increase fluid intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to restrict protein intake. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter waste products, so limiting protein helps reduce the buildup of waste in the body. Increasing calcium intake (Choice A) is not typically necessary unless there is a specific deficiency. Providing a diet high in potassium (Choice B) is contraindicated as potassium levels need to be monitored and controlled in renal failure. Increasing fluid intake (Choice D) may be necessary depending on the individual's condition, but restricting protein intake is a more critical dietary instruction for clients with chronic renal failure.
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