ATI LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. A client with a new diagnosis of cirrhosis is receiving dietary management education from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is beneficial for managing fluid retention and symptoms of cirrhosis. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening edema and ascites commonly associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their intake of sodium-rich foods is crucial in the dietary management of cirrhosis. Option A is incorrect as increasing sodium intake would exacerbate fluid retention. Option C is irrelevant to cirrhosis management unless the client has lactose intolerance. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all patients with cirrhosis, especially if they have complications like hepatic encephalopathy.
2. A patient with severe pain is prescribed morphine sulfate. What is the most important side effect for the nurse to monitor?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Hypertension
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Increased urine output
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a patient is prescribed morphine sulfate, the most critical side effect for the nurse to monitor is respiratory depression. Morphine can suppress the respiratory drive, leading to inadequate ventilation and potentially life-threatening consequences. Monitoring the patient's respiratory status closely is essential to promptly identify and manage any signs of respiratory depression.
3. According to C.E. Winslow, what is the goal of Public Health?
- A. For people to attain their birthrights and longevity
- B. For the promotion of health and prevention of diseases
- C. For people to have access to basic health services
- D. For people to be organized in their health efforts
Correct answer: A
Rationale: According to C.E. Winslow, the goal of Public Health is for people to achieve their birthrights of health and longevity. This encompasses ensuring that individuals have the opportunity to lead healthy lives and live long, fulfilling ones. It goes beyond just the absence of disease and includes promoting overall well-being and quality of life.
4. Which nursing intervention is best for a client with constipation?
- A. Encourage the client to remain in bed to avoid straining
- B. Administer a stool softener as prescribed
- C. Increase fiber intake through dietary changes
- D. Encourage regular exercise to promote bowel movement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing fiber intake is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a client experiencing constipation. Fiber helps add bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass and promoting regular bowel movements. Encouraging the client to remain in bed may exacerbate constipation by reducing movement and promoting inactivity. While stool softeners can be beneficial, they are typically used as a short-term solution and may not address the underlying issue of low fiber intake. Regular exercise is important for overall bowel health; however, in the immediate management of constipation, increasing fiber intake is the most effective intervention.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. What should the nurse identify as a catheter occlusion?
- A. Pain during urination
- B. Bladder distention
- C. Cloudy urine
- D. Blood in the catheter tube
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bladder distention. Bladder distention indicates that the bladder is full and there is impaired elimination, which could be caused by catheter occlusion. Pain during urination (choice A) is not typically associated with catheter occlusion but may indicate a urinary tract infection. Cloudy urine (choice C) can be a sign of infection but is not specific to catheter occlusion. Blood in the catheter tube (choice D) may indicate trauma during catheter insertion but is not a typical finding in catheter occlusion.
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