ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who is taking digoxin. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is an adverse effect of digoxin. Digoxin can cause hypokalemia, which increases the risk of toxicity. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial when a client is taking digoxin. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as hypernatremia, hypertension, and tachycardia are not directly associated with digoxin use.
2. A healthcare professional is assessing the pain level of a client who has dementia and difficulty communicating. Which pain assessment technique should the healthcare professional use?
- A. Numeric rating scale
- B. Behavioral indicators
- C. Visual analog scale
- D. Faces pain scale
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For clients with dementia who have difficulty communicating, assessing pain using behavioral indicators like increased agitation and restlessness is more effective than relying on self-reported scales such as numeric rating scale, visual analog scale, or faces pain scale. Behavioral indicators provide valuable insights into pain perception in individuals who may have challenges expressing themselves verbally.
3. A child of 3 years has been admitted to your pediatric ward. The doctor gave a provisional diagnosis of respiratory tract infection. After careful assessment and history, he gave a final diagnosis of lower respiratory infection. Which of the following signs will confirm the diagnosis?
- A. Cough
- B. Fever
- C. Inability to lie supine
- D. Inability to eat
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a specific sign of lower respiratory infection. This condition can cause discomfort or difficulty in breathing when lying flat, leading to a preference for an upright or semi-upright position. While cough and fever are common symptoms of respiratory infections, the inability to lie supine is more indicative of lower respiratory involvement.
4. What principle about patient communication should guide a nurse's fear of 'saying the wrong thing' to a patient?
- A. Patients tend to appreciate a well-meaning person who conveys genuine acceptance, respect, and concern for their situation.
- B. Patients are more interested in talking to you than listening to what you have to say, so they are not likely to be offended.
- C. Considering the patient's history, there is little chance that the comment will do any actual harm.
- D. Most people with a mental illness have, by necessity, developed a high tolerance for forgiveness.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Effective patient communication is guided by the principle that patients value genuine acceptance, respect, and concern from their caregivers. This approach helps to build trust and fosters effective communication, enhancing the nurse-patient relationship. Choice B is incorrect because patients value both talking and listening in effective communication. Choice C is incorrect because a nurse should always consider the impact of their words on the patient, regardless of the patient's history. Choice D is incorrect as it generalizes about people with mental illness and forgiveness, which is not directly relevant to patient communication.
5. A nurse is educating a patient about their new prescription for a statin medication. What should the nurse advise the patient to avoid while taking this medication?
- A. Drinking grapefruit juice
- B. Consuming high-protein meals
- C. Exercising regularly
- D. Taking the medication in the morning
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drinking grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can increase the risk of statin toxicity by interfering with the enzyme that metabolizes statin medications, leading to higher drug levels in the body. This interaction can potentially cause adverse effects. Therefore, patients should be advised to avoid consuming grapefruit juice while taking statins. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Consuming high-protein meals, exercising regularly, and taking the medication in the morning are not contraindicated while on statin therapy. In fact, following a healthy diet, engaging in physical activity, and taking the medication at a consistent time each day can be beneficial for patients prescribed statins.
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