ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024
1. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is taking enalapril for hypertension. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Blood pressure of 150/80 mm Hg
- B. Swelling in the legs
- C. Persistent cough
- D. Heart rate of 72 beats per minute
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Persistent cough. Enalapril is known to cause a persistent dry cough as a side effect. This adverse reaction is due to the accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs, leading to irritation and cough. The nurse should report this symptom to the provider for further evaluation and possible medication adjustment. Choices A, B, and D are not directly associated with enalapril use. While a blood pressure of 150/80 mm Hg is elevated and should be monitored, it is not a direct side effect of enalapril. Swelling in the legs and a heart rate of 72 beats per minute are also not typically related to enalapril use and should be assessed but are not the priority findings to report in this scenario.
2. A community health nurse is reviewing primary prevention for West Nile virus with a group of patients in a rural health clinic. What instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Eliminate areas of standing water.
- B. Wear a mask when outdoors.
- C. Ensure food is cooked thoroughly.
- D. Avoid contact with sick individuals.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Eliminate areas of standing water.' Standing water provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which spread West Nile virus. By eliminating standing water, individuals can reduce the risk of mosquito breeding and the transmission of the virus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Wearing a mask when outdoors, ensuring food is cooked thoroughly, and avoiding contact with sick individuals are not directly related to primary prevention strategies for West Nile virus.
3. On the other hand, Operation Timbang is _____ prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Operation Timbang is a form of secondary prevention. It aims to identify individuals in the population who are malnourished, allowing for early diagnosis and timely treatment. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a health condition or disease.
4. What is the term for the action of biting, chewing, and breaking up ingested food into smaller particles?
- A. Peristalsis.
- B. Segmentation.
- C. Metabolism.
- D. Mastication.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Mastication.' Mastication is the mechanical process of chewing that breaks down food into smaller particles. Peristalsis (choice A) is the involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract that moves food along. Segmentation (choice B) is the mixing movement of the digestive system that helps to break down food and mix it with digestive juices. Metabolism (choice C) refers to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life.
5. Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
- A. Measles
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Malaria
- D. Hepatitis B
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Malaria is caused by the Plasmodium parasite that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. These mosquitoes act as vectors in transmitting the disease from one host to another. The other choices, Measles, Tuberculosis, and Hepatitis B, are not vector-borne diseases. Measles is a highly contagious airborne viral infection, Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterial infection, and Hepatitis B is a bloodborne virus.
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