ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment Form A
1. A healthcare provider is reviewing a prescription for doxazosin with a client. Which instruction should the healthcare provider provide?
- A. Decrease caloric intake to reduce weight gain
- B. Increase dietary fiber to prevent constipation
- C. Rise slowly when sitting up
- D. Take this medication each morning
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed with doxazosin is to rise slowly when sitting up. Doxazosin can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness upon sudden position changes. Instructing the client to rise slowly helps prevent this side effect. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are not directly related to the potential side effects or administration of doxazosin.
2. A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a client who has a history of COPD and is experiencing dyspnea. Which of the findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Flaring of the nostrils
- B. Normal respiratory rate
- C. Clear lung sounds
- D. Decreased work of breathing
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Flaring of the nostrils indicates increased respiratory effort, common in clients with dyspnea due to COPD. In COPD, the airways are narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing, leading to increased work of breathing. Normal respiratory rate and clear lung sounds are less likely findings in a client with COPD experiencing dyspnea. Decreased work of breathing is not expected in this situation as COPD typically results in increased work of breathing.
3. What are the MOST important initial steps in assessing and managing a newborn?
- A. Drying and warming the infant, obtaining an APGAR score.
- B. Clearing the airway, keeping the infant warm.
- C. Suctioning the airway, obtaining a heart rate.
- D. Keeping the infant warm, counting respirations.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most crucial initial steps in assessing and managing a newborn involve clearing the airway to ensure proper breathing and keeping the infant warm to maintain body temperature. Airway clearance helps prevent respiratory distress, while warmth is essential to prevent hypothermia, a common issue in newborns. These steps are vital in the immediate care of a newborn to support their transition to extrauterine life and ensure their well-being. Choice A is incorrect because obtaining an APGAR score is important but not as critical as clearing the airway. Choice C is incorrect as suctioning the airway is not always necessary and obtaining a heart rate is secondary to ensuring a clear airway and warmth. Choice D is incorrect because counting respirations is not as immediate and crucial as clearing the airway.
4. A 35-year-old male patient presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever for the past 48 hours, preceded by new onset jaundice over the past few weeks. He states that he has had diarrhea on and off for several years but never had this investigated. A liver ultrasound is negative for gallstones or evidence of cholecystitis. His lab tests reveal total bilirubin 6.2, alkaline phosphatase 450, AST 150, ALT 120, albumin 2.6. The next diagnostic test of choice would be
- A. Liver biopsy
- B. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
- C. Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C RNA assay
- D. Colonoscopy with biopsies
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presentation with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and jaundice, along with abnormal liver function tests, suggests a biliary tract problem. Given the suspicion of obstructed bile flow and the negative liver ultrasound for gallstones, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the next appropriate step to evaluate the biliary system and pancreatic ducts. MRCP is non-invasive and can provide detailed images for diagnosis. Liver biopsy is not the preferred initial diagnostic test in this context. Testing for hepatitis B and C would not address the current clinical scenario, and colonoscopy is not indicated for the presenting symptoms.
5. A nurse is providing end-of-life care to an older female client who practices Judaism. Which intervention would the nurse identify as potentially problematic for this client and her family?
- A. The client requires transfusions of packed red blood cells during care.
- B. Assessment by a male health care provider was required.
- C. An autopsy was ordered due to the client's unique disease etiology.
- D. A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order was recommended by the care team.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Autopsy is often opposed in the context of Jewish religious and cultural beliefs, as it is seen as desecration of the body. While a person who is a Jehovah's Witness would be opposed to blood transfusions (choice A), a Muslim client may prefer to be cared for by someone of the same gender (choice B). A DNR order (choice D) is not noted to be a particular issue in the context of Jewish culture.
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