ATI LPN
PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. A client with chronic kidney disease needs dietary restrictions. What restriction is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Limit potassium-rich foods
- C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
- D. Increase phosphorus intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit potassium-rich foods for clients with chronic kidney disease. Excessive potassium can be harmful to individuals with compromised kidney function, leading to complications. This restriction helps in managing the condition and preventing further health issues. Choice A is incorrect because increasing protein intake can put additional stress on the kidneys. Choice C is incorrect as excessive fluid intake can burden the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful for individuals with kidney disease.
2. What are the early signs and symptoms of sepsis?
- A. Increased heart rate and fever
- B. Low blood pressure and confusion
- C. Rapid breathing and sweating
- D. Abdominal pain and cyanosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased heart rate and fever. In sepsis, an increased heart rate and fever are common early signs of systemic infection. While choices B, C, and D can be present in later stages of sepsis, they are not typically the initial signs. Low blood pressure and confusion may occur in severe sepsis or septic shock. Rapid breathing and sweating can be seen as sepsis progresses. Abdominal pain and cyanosis may develop as the condition advances but are not usually the earliest signs.
3. A nurse is planning care for a client who is at 28 weeks of gestation and has preeclampsia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Restrict the client's fluid intake.
- B. Monitor the client's deep-tendon reflexes.
- C. Place the client in the lithotomy position.
- D. Encourage the client to ambulate frequently.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor the client's deep-tendon reflexes. Monitoring deep-tendon reflexes is crucial in clients with preeclampsia as hyperreflexia can indicate severe complications. Restricting the client's fluid intake is not recommended as hydration is essential. Placing the client in the lithotomy position can worsen preeclampsia by reducing blood flow to the heart, so it should be avoided. Encouraging the client to ambulate frequently may not be suitable for a client with preeclampsia due to the risk of falls and increased stress on the body.
4. A child was brought to the emergency department with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and fruity-scented breath. The resident on duty diagnosed the child with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Potassium chloride IV infusion.
- B. Dextrose 5% IV infusion.
- C. Ringer's Lactate.
- D. Normal saline IV infusion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), there is a state of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Normal saline is the initial fluid of choice to help restore intravascular volume and improve electrolyte balance. It also helps to correct acidosis. Potassium chloride IV infusion is commonly added to the treatment regimen once kidney function is confirmed to prevent hypokalemia. Dextrose 5% IV infusion is not the first-line treatment for DKA as it can worsen hyperglycemia. Ringer's Lactate is not typically used as the initial fluid for managing DKA as it contains potassium and could worsen hyperkalemia.
5. A client is constipated and asks the nurse for advice. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Administer a laxative to relieve discomfort
- B. Increase dietary fiber to promote bowel movements
- C. Advise the client to rest until symptoms resolve
- D. Encourage bed rest to allow bowel function to return
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct recommendation for constipation is to increase dietary fiber to promote bowel movements. Dietary fiber helps add bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass and promoting regular bowel movements. Administering a laxative (Choice A) is not the first-line recommendation and should be used cautiously due to potential side effects. Resting until symptoms resolve (Choice C) and encouraging bed rest (Choice D) are not effective interventions for relieving constipation.
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