Nursing Elites

1. A client with chronic kidney disease needs dietary restrictions. What restriction is necessary?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Limit potassium-rich foods
• C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
• D. Increase phosphorus intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to limit potassium-rich foods for clients with chronic kidney disease. Excessive potassium can be harmful to individuals with compromised kidney function, leading to complications. This restriction helps in managing the condition and preventing further health issues. Choice A is incorrect because increasing protein intake can put additional stress on the kidneys. Choice C is incorrect as excessive fluid intake can burden the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful for individuals with kidney disease.

2. A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for an older adult client who has difficulty sleeping. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

• A. Give a bedtime snack
• B. Encourage a short nap in the afternoon
• C. Encourage exercise right before bed
• D. Establish a regular exercise routine 2 hours or more before bedtime

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Establishing a regular exercise routine at least 2 hours before bedtime promotes better sleep in older adults. Giving a bedtime snack (choice A) may disrupt sleep due to digestion, encouraging a short nap in the afternoon (choice B) can interfere with nighttime sleep, and encouraging exercise right before bed (choice C) can increase alertness and make it harder to fall asleep.

3. A client with asthma is being taught how to use a peak flow meter by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Perform the test in the morning after taking medications
• B. Blow into the meter as slowly as possible
• C. Perform the test when feeling short of breath
• D. Use the peak flow meter after using your rescue inhaler

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction is to use the peak flow meter after using the rescue inhaler. This ensures accurate monitoring of asthma control during symptoms. Choice A is incorrect because peak flow measurements should be done before taking medications. Choice B is incorrect as the client should blow into the meter quickly and forcefully to get an accurate reading. Choice C is also incorrect as peak flow should be measured regularly, not just when feeling short of breath.

4. A nurse is delegating the ambulation of a client who had knee arthroplasty 5 days ago to an AP. Which of the following information should the nurse share with the AP?

• A. The roommate is up independently
• B. The client ambulates with his slippers on over his antiembolic stockings
• C. The client uses a front-wheeled walker when ambulating
• D. The client had pain meds 30 minutes ago

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. After knee arthroplasty, it is essential for the client to use a front-wheeled walker when ambulating to ensure stability and prevent falls. Sharing this information with the assistive personnel (AP) is crucial for the client's safety and proper rehabilitation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the roommate's independence, the client's footwear over stockings, and the timing of pain medication administration are not directly related to the safe ambulation of a client post-knee arthroplasty.

5. A client is to start taking furosemide and is being taught about dietary modifications by a nurse. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to the client?

• A. Cabbage
• B. Bananas
• C. Carrots
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bananas. Bananas are high in potassium, which helps counter the potassium-depleting effects of furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, so including potassium-rich foods like bananas in the diet can help maintain a healthy potassium level. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address the potassium needs associated with furosemide therapy and are not the most appropriate recommendations in this context.

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