ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor
1. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has diabetes mellitus and is receiving insulin. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Hemoglobin A1c of 6%
- B. Fasting blood glucose of 90 mg/dL
- C. Blood glucose of 200 mg/dL
- D. Blood glucose of 100 mg/dL
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia and should be reported for potential insulin adjustment.
2. A client receiving chemotherapy is experiencing neutropenia. Which of the following should the nurse include in this client's education?
- A. Track oral temperature weekly
- B. Gardening is a good form of mild exercise
- C. Avoid crowded events
- D. Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Clients with neutropenia have a weakened immune system, making them susceptible to infections. Avoiding crowded events helps reduce the risk of exposure to pathogens, thereby minimizing the chance of infections. Tracking oral temperature is important for detecting fever early, which is a sign of infection and requires immediate medical attention. While gardening can be a good form of exercise, clients with neutropenia should avoid it due to the risk of exposure to bacteria and fungi present in soil. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables is generally encouraged for overall health but may carry a risk of bacterial contamination, which could be harmful to a client with neutropenia.
3. Gilbert, age 19, is described by his parents as a ‘moody child’ with an onset of odd behavior at age 14, which caused Gilbert to suffer academically and socially. Gilbert has lost the ability to complete household chores, is reluctant to leave the house, and is obsessed with the locks on the windows and doors. Due to Gilbert’s early and slow onset of what is now recognized as schizophrenia, his prognosis is considered:
- A. Favorable with medication
- B. In the relapse stage
- C. Improvable with psychosocial interventions
- D. To have a less positive outcome
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A person like Gilbert, with an early and slow onset of schizophrenia along with severe symptoms such as loss of daily functioning and obsessions, is likely to have a less positive outcome. Early and severe symptoms are often associated with a more chronic and debilitating course of schizophrenia, which can make treatment and recovery more challenging. Therefore, Gilbert's prognosis is considered to have a less positive outcome. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Gilbert's condition, with its early onset and severe symptoms impacting daily life, suggests a more challenging prognosis that is less likely to be favorable with just medication or psychosocial interventions. Being in the relapse stage is not the primary concern here; the focus is on the overall outcome which is expected to be less positive given the early and severe nature of Gilbert's symptoms.
4. Which of the following is a key strategy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Routine immunization
- C. Antiretroviral therapy
- D. Nutritional supplementation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy is a crucial strategy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. By providing antiretroviral medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, the risk of transmitting the virus to the child is significantly reduced. This treatment approach has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child.
5. A client is receiving IV fluids and has developed phlebitis. What is the next step the nurse should take?
- A. Monitor the site for further swelling
- B. Remove the catheter and place it in another site
- C. Reduce the flow rate of IV fluids
- D. Switch to oral hydration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct next step when a client develops phlebitis while receiving IV fluids is to remove the catheter and place it in another site. Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, and leaving the catheter in the same site can lead to further complications. Monitoring the site for further swelling, as in choice A, is not enough as the source of inflammation needs to be removed. Choice C, reducing the flow rate, may not address the underlying issue causing phlebitis. Switching to oral hydration, as in choice D, is not necessary for addressing phlebitis related to IV fluid administration.
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