a nurse is providing teaching for a client who is learning to use a cane what instruction is essential for this client

ATI LPN

ATI NCLEX PN Predictor Test

1. A client is learning to use a cane. What instruction is essential for this client?

A. Advance the cane and the weaker leg at the same time
B. Maintain two points of support on the ground at all times
C. Use the cane on the weaker side for better support
D. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm with each step

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client learning to use a cane is to maintain two points of support on the ground at all times. This ensures better stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choice A is incorrect because advancing the cane and the weaker leg simultaneously may lead to imbalance. Choice C is incorrect because the cane should be used on the stronger side to provide support. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific measurement for advancing the cane with each step, and the focus should be on maintaining stability.

2. What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of treatment?

A. Type 1: Insulin therapy; Type 2: Lifestyle modifications and oral agents
B. Type 1: Oral agents; Type 2: Insulin therapy
C. Type 1: Insulin resistance; Type 2: Insulin deficiency
D. Type 1: Exercise and diet; Type 2: Insulin only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Type 1 diabetes necessitates insulin therapy, whereas Type 2 diabetes is managed with lifestyle modifications and oral agents. Choice B is incorrect because Type 1 diabetes does not use oral agents as a primary treatment. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the pathophysiology of diabetes types rather than their treatments. Choice D is incorrect because Type 2 diabetes management involves more than just insulin and includes lifestyle changes and oral medications.

3. What are the key differences between viral and bacterial infections?

A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections.
B. Bacterial infections typically cause high fever.
C. Both bacterial and viral infections cause rashes.
D. Viral infections cause sudden onset of symptoms.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections. This is because viral infections often require the body's immune system to fight off the virus, leading to a longer duration of illness. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, often cause a rapid onset of symptoms due to the toxins produced by bacteria. Choice B is incorrect because not all bacterial infections cause high fever. Choice C is incorrect because rashes can be caused by both bacterial and viral infections, but not always. Choice D is incorrect because while some viral infections may cause a sudden onset of symptoms, it is not a key distinguishing factor between viral and bacterial infections.

4. What is the correct way to assess for pitting edema?

A. Press over the bony area for 5 seconds and release
B. Press over the skin for 10 seconds and check for discoloration
C. Press the area and check for the presence of rash
D. Press the skin and assess for rebound tenderness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct way to assess for pitting edema is to press over a bony area, typically the tibia, for 5 seconds and then release. This allows for the identification of pitting edema, characterized by an indentation that persists for a few seconds. Choice B is incorrect as pitting edema assessment does not involve checking for discoloration. Choice C is incorrect as the presence of a rash is not indicative of pitting edema. Choice D is incorrect as rebound tenderness is a different assessment used for abdominal conditions, not for pitting edema.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following clinical findings should the nurse expect?

A. Hyperactive reflexes.
B. Strong, bounding pulse.
C. Decreased bowel sounds.
D. Increased deep tendon reflexes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased bowel sounds. In hypokalemia, decreased bowel sounds are common due to slowed peristalsis. Hyperactive reflexes (choice A) and increased deep tendon reflexes (choice D) are more indicative of hyperkalemia. A strong, bounding pulse (choice B) is not typically associated with hypokalemia.