ATI LPN
ATI Comprehensive Predictor PN
1. A client with a pressure ulcer is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following is the most appropriate action?
- A. Use a phenol solution to clean the wound
- B. Place a warm compress over the wound
- C. Cleanse the wound from the center outwards
- D. Administer antibiotics prophylactically
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cleaning a wound from the center outwards is the most appropriate action as it helps prevent the spread of infection. Choice A is incorrect as phenol solutions can be harmful to the wound and delay healing. Choice B may increase the risk of infection as warmth can promote bacterial growth. Choice D is unnecessary unless there are signs of infection present.
2. What are the key signs of hyperglycemia?
- A. Increased thirst and frequent urination
- B. Decreased appetite and low blood pressure
- C. Weight loss and nausea
- D. Increased sweating and confusion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased thirst and frequent urination. These are classic signs of hyperglycemia, indicating elevated blood sugar levels. Choice B is incorrect as hyperglycemia usually presents with increased appetite rather than decreased appetite and low blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as weight loss is more commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes rather than hyperglycemia. Choice D is incorrect as increased sweating and confusion are not typical signs of hyperglycemia.
3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about food selection with a client who has a moderate burn injury. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as being high in vitamin C?
- A. Tomatoes
- B. Carrots
- C. Avocados
- D. Apricots
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Tomatoes are high in vitamin C, which is crucial for wound healing, making them an excellent recommendation for a client with a burn injury. Carrots, avocados, and apricots are not as rich in vitamin C compared to tomatoes, and therefore, they are not the best choice for promoting healing in this scenario.
4. A healthcare professional is reviewing the medical record of a client who underwent surgery for a hip fracture. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional report to the provider?
- A. Clear lung sounds
- B. Fever
- C. Pain in the operative leg
- D. Capillary refill of 2 seconds
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fever. Fever in a postoperative client can indicate an infection, which is a serious complication and should be reported immediately to the provider for further evaluation and management. Clear lung sounds (Choice A) are a positive finding indicating normal respiratory function. Pain in the operative leg (Choice C) is expected postoperatively and should be managed with appropriate pain relief measures. Capillary refill of 2 seconds (Choice D) is within the normal range (less than 3 seconds) and is not a concerning finding postoperatively.
5. What are the primary differences between left-sided and right-sided heart failure?
- A. Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Systemic edema
- B. Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Left-sided: Systemic edema
- C. Left-sided: Systemic edema; Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion
- D. Right-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Left-sided: Heart failure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Left-sided: Pulmonary congestion; Right-sided: Systemic edema." Left-sided heart failure primarily affects the lungs, leading to pulmonary congestion, which manifests as symptoms like shortness of breath and cough. On the other hand, right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion and edema, often presenting as swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid retention. Choice B is incorrect because it swaps the features of left-sided and right-sided heart failure. Choice C is incorrect as it also incorrectly switches the characteristics of the two types of heart failure. Choice D is incorrect because it inaccurately associates left-sided heart failure with pulmonary congestion and right-sided heart failure with heart failure itself, which is not a distinguishing feature.
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