ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN
1. A client has a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia.
- C. Increase fluid intake.
- D. Expect a metallic taste in the mouth.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metformin is to increase fluid intake. This is crucial to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of metformin. Adequate hydration can also help reduce the risk of kidney problems associated with metformin use. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While it's generally recommended to take metformin with food to reduce stomach upset, monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia is more relevant for other antidiabetic medications, and a metallic taste in the mouth is not a common side effect of metformin.
2. A client is receiving magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia. Which finding indicates magnesium toxicity?
- A. Respiratory rate of 12/min
- B. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
- C. Urine output 40 mL/hr
- D. Systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Diminished deep tendon reflexes are a sign of magnesium toxicity. Magnesium sulfate can depress the central nervous system, leading to decreased reflexes. Respiratory rate of 12/min, urine output 40 mL/hr, and systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg are not specific findings of magnesium toxicity. Respiratory depression, oliguria, and hypotension are more concerning signs that require immediate attention.
3. A healthcare provider is reviewing the medical record of a client who is scheduled for an abdominal paracentesis. Which of the following actions should the healthcare provider take to prepare the client for this procedure?
- A. Assist the client to void
- B. Instruct the client to hold their breath
- C. Place the client in a lateral recumbent position
- D. Prepare to administer a sedative
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Assisting the client to void before a paracentesis is essential to reduce the risk of bladder injury during the procedure. Voiding helps empty the bladder, preventing accidental puncture during the insertion of the needle. Instructing the client to hold their breath is incorrect and can increase the risk of complications. Placing the client in a lateral recumbent position is not directly related to bladder safety during a paracentesis. Preparing to administer a sedative is not a standard preparation for this procedure and is not aimed at preventing bladder injury.
4. What is the priority intervention for sepsis?
- A. Administer IV antibiotics
- B. Monitor blood pressure
- C. Administer fluids
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In the management of sepsis, prompt intervention is crucial. Administering IV antibiotics is essential to target the underlying infection. Monitoring blood pressure helps assess the patient's hemodynamic status. Administering fluids is vital to maintain adequate perfusion. Therefore, all the options are integral components of the initial management of sepsis, making 'All of the above' the correct answer. Choosing any single intervention over the others may delay optimal care and compromise patient outcomes.
5. A nurse is assisting with an in-service for newly licensed nurses about neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborns. Which of the following statements by a newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. The newborn will have decreased muscle tone.
- B. The newborn will have a continuous high-pitched cry.
- C. The newborn will sleep for 2 to 3 hours after a feeding.
- D. The newborn will have mild tremors when disturbed.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A continuous high-pitched cry is a characteristic sign of neonatal abstinence syndrome, indicating withdrawal from drugs. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because decreased muscle tone, sleeping for 2 to 3 hours after a feeding, and mild tremors when disturbed are not specific indicators of neonatal abstinence syndrome.
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