ATI LPN
ATI Maternal Newborn
1. During an assessment, a healthcare provider observes small pearly white nodules on the roof of a newborn's mouth. This finding is a characteristic of which of the following conditions?
- A. Mongolian spots
- B. Milia spots
- C. Erythema toxicum
- D. Epstein's pearls
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Epstein's pearls are small pearly white nodules commonly observed on the roof of a newborn's mouth. They are considered a normal finding and typically disappear without treatment. It is essential for healthcare providers to recognize these benign nodules to differentiate them from other conditions and provide appropriate education to parents. The other choices are incorrect: A) Mongolian spots are blue or purple birthmarks commonly found on the skin; B) Milia spots are tiny white bumps on a newborn's nose and face; C) Erythema toxicum presents as a rash of flat red splotches with small bumps that can appear on a baby's skin.
2. How many kilocalories are provided by 15 grams of protein?
- A. 15
- B. 45
- C. 60
- D. 135
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Protein provides 4 kcal per gram. Therefore, 15 grams of protein will provide 15 grams x 4 kcal/gram = 60 kcal. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the caloric value of protein correctly.
3. A client is being taught about the use of metformin. Which of the following should be included?
- A. It is taken with food
- B. It can cause hyperglycemia
- C. It should be taken once daily
- D. It is an injectable medication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Metformin should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Choice A is the correct answer as taking metformin with meals can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea and nausea, which are common side effects of metformin. Choice B is incorrect because metformin actually helps lower blood sugar levels and does not cause hyperglycemia. Choice C is incorrect as metformin is usually taken twice or even three times a day, not just once daily. Choice D is incorrect because metformin is an oral medication, not an injectable one.
4. When planning care for a 16-year-old with appendicitis presenting with right lower quadrant pain, what should the nurse prioritize as a nursing diagnosis?
- A. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to decreased oral intake
- B. Risk for infection related to possible rupture of the appendix
- C. Constipation related to decreased bowel motility and decreased fluid intake
- D. Chronic pain related to appendicitis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis for a client with appendicitis is the 'Risk for infection related to possible rupture of the appendix.' Appendicitis carries a risk of the appendix rupturing, which can lead to peritonitis, a life-threatening condition. Preventing infection through timely intervention and surgery is critical in the care of a client with appendicitis, making this nursing diagnosis the priority.
5. A nurse working at the clinic is teaching a group of clients who are pregnant on the use of nonpharmacological pain management. Which of the following is an appropriate description of the use of hypnosis during labor?
- A. Hypnosis focuses on biofeedback as a relaxation technique
- B. Hypnosis promotes increased control of pain perception during contractions
- C. Hypnosis uses therapeutic touch to reduce anxiety during labor
- D. Hypnosis provides instruction to minimize pain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hypnosis during labor helps the client gain increased control over her perception of pain, allowing for better pain management during contractions. Choice A is incorrect because hypnosis and biofeedback are distinct techniques. Choice C is incorrect as therapeutic touch and hypnosis are different modalities. Choice D is incorrect as hypnosis does not simply provide instruction to minimize pain, but rather helps the individual control their perception of pain.
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