ATI LPN
PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. A client has hypoglycemia and is conscious. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer glucagon IM
- B. Give the client 4 oz of fruit juice
- C. Provide the client with peanut butter
- D. Give the client 1 L of water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In conscious clients with hypoglycemia, the most appropriate action is to provide a rapidly absorbed carbohydrate source like fruit juice to raise blood glucose levels quickly. Administering glucagon intramuscularly (IM) is usually reserved for unconscious clients or those who are unable to take oral glucose. Providing peanut butter or water would not rapidly address the hypoglycemic state as fruit juice would.
2. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about breathing exercises. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use abdominal breathing during physical activity
- B. Inhale quickly and deeply through the nose
- C. Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity
- D. Breathe quickly and deeply during exercise
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity.' Pursed-lip breathing is a beneficial technique for clients with COPD as it helps improve airflow by keeping the airways open longer. Choice A is incorrect as abdominal breathing may not be as effective in COPD as pursed-lip breathing. Choice B, inhaling quickly and deeply through the nose, is not recommended as it can lead to hyperventilation. Choice D, breathing quickly and deeply during exercise, is also not suitable for clients with COPD as it can cause increased shortness of breath.
3. A client with moderate anxiety disorder is being taught stress management techniques by a nurse. Which response by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take a walk to reduce my anxiety
- B. I will imagine myself in a calm place when I can't concentrate
- C. I will meditate every other week
- D. I will cut back on my caffeine intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because imagining oneself in a calm place is a relaxation technique that helps reduce anxiety. Walking, meditating every other week, or cutting back on caffeine intake may have their benefits, but they are not as directly related to the immediate management of anxiety as the visualization technique described in option B.
4. A client undergoing surgery is being taught about the use of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump by a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will ask my spouse to push the button when I am sleeping
- B. I will use the PCA pump to keep me comfortable during the night
- C. I will ask the nurse to increase the dosage if I still feel pain
- D. I will press the button for medication as soon as I feel pain
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients should press the button on the PCA pump when they feel pain to receive controlled doses of medication. Option A is incorrect as the client should be the one to self-administer the medication through the PCA pump. Option B is incorrect as the primary purpose of the PCA pump is to manage pain, not to keep the client comfortable. Option C is incorrect because the client should not adjust the dosage themselves; instead, they should communicate any pain concerns to the healthcare provider.
5. A nurse is administering lorazepam to a client who is scheduled for surgery within 1 hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take after administering the medication?
- A. Keep the client awake
- B. Instruct the client not to get out of bed
- C. Encourage the client to drink fluids
- D. Encourage early ambulation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client not to get out of bed. Lorazepam is a sedative that can cause drowsiness and impair coordination. By instructing the client not to get out of bed, the nurse helps prevent falls or injuries that could occur due to the medication's sedative effects. Choice A is incorrect as keeping the client awake may not be necessary and could lead to unnecessary discomfort. Choice C is incorrect as encouraging the client to drink fluids is not directly related to the administration of lorazepam. Choice D is incorrect as early ambulation is not safe immediately after administering a sedative medication.
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