Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum sodium level of 125 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Numbness of the extremities.
• B. Abdominal cramping.
• C. Bradycardia.
• D. Positive Chvostek's sign.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Abdominal cramping is a common manifestation of hyponatremia, as the sodium imbalance affects muscle function. Numbness of the extremities (Choice A) is more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia. Bradycardia (Choice C) is not typically a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. Positive Chvostek's sign (Choice D) is related to hypocalcemia, not hyponatremia.

2. How should a healthcare provider manage a patient with dehydration?

• A. Monitor fluid intake
• B. Encourage oral rehydration
• C. Administer IV fluids
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dehydration management involves a comprehensive approach that includes monitoring fluid intake to assess the severity of dehydration, encouraging oral rehydration to replenish fluids orally if the patient can tolerate it, and administering IV fluids in severe cases where oral intake is insufficient. Choosing just one of these options may not address the diverse needs of patients with dehydration. Therefore, selecting 'All of the above' is the most appropriate response as it encompasses the various strategies required for effective dehydration management.

3. A nurse is performing postmortem care for a client prior to the arrival of the client's family for viewing of the body. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Apply moisturizing lotion to the skin
• B. Turn off the lights
• C. Remove all jewelry
• D. Gently close the client's eyelids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct action the nurse should take is to gently close the client's eyelids. This is a respectful and common practice in postmortem care before allowing the family to view the body. Applying moisturizing lotion to the skin is unnecessary and may not be appropriate at this time. Turning off the lights might not be necessary and could impact the viewing environment for the family. While removing all jewelry is generally a good practice, it is not as crucial as gently closing the client's eyelids for postmortem care.

4. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with fluid volume overload?

• A. Restrict fluid intake
• B. Monitor intake and output
• C. Administer diuretics as prescribed
• D. Elevate the head of the bed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for a patient with fluid volume overload is to restrict fluid intake. This helps to prevent further fluid accumulation in the body. Monitoring intake and output (choice B) is important to assess the patient's fluid balance but is not a direct intervention to address fluid volume overload. Administering diuretics as prescribed (choice C) is a medical intervention that may be ordered by a healthcare provider but should not be assumed as a nursing intervention without a prescription. Elevating the head of the bed (choice D) is a measure commonly used for patients with respiratory distress or to prevent aspiration but is not a direct intervention for fluid volume overload.

5. A nurse offers pain meds to a client who is postop prior to ambulation. The nurse understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

• A. Fidelity
• B. Autonomy
• C. Justice
• D. Beneficence

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, offering pain medication to a postoperative client before ambulation is an example of beneficence. Beneficence is the ethical principle related to promoting the well-being of the client, which includes providing pain relief to improve the client's comfort and facilitate their recovery. Fidelity (choice A) is about honoring commitments and being faithful to agreements, not directly related to pain management. Autonomy (choice B) refers to respecting the client's right to make decisions about their care, not specifically about pain medication administration. Justice (choice C) involves fairness and equality in healthcare resource allocation, not directly applicable in this situation.

Similar Questions