ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment Form B
1. A nurse is assessing a client who reports chest pain. Which of the following findings should cause the nurse to suspect a myocardial infarction?
- A. Pain improves with rest
- B. Pain radiates to the left arm.
- C. Pain worsens with deep breathing.
- D. Pain is relieved by antacids.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Radiating pain, especially to the left arm, is a classic sign of myocardial infarction. Pain that radiates to the left arm indicates cardiac involvement, making it a significant finding. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because chest pain that improves with rest, worsens with deep breathing, or is relieved by antacids is less likely to be associated with a myocardial infarction.
2. A client is being taught about the use of metformin. Which of the following should be included?
- A. It is taken with food
- B. It can cause hyperglycemia
- C. It should be taken once daily
- D. It is an injectable medication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Metformin should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Choice A is the correct answer as taking metformin with meals can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing gastrointestinal side effects like diarrhea and nausea, which are common side effects of metformin. Choice B is incorrect because metformin actually helps lower blood sugar levels and does not cause hyperglycemia. Choice C is incorrect as metformin is usually taken twice or even three times a day, not just once daily. Choice D is incorrect because metformin is an oral medication, not an injectable one.
3. A client with anxiety disorder is scheduled to begin classical psychoanalysis. Which client statement indicates an understanding of this form of therapy?
- A. “Even if my anxiety improves, I will need to continue this therapy for 6 weeks”
- B. “The therapist will focus on my past relationships during our sessions”
- C. “Psychoanalysis will help me reduce my anxiety by changing my behaviors”
- D. “This therapy will address my conscious feelings about stressful experiences”
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In classical psychoanalysis, the therapist delves into the client's past relationships, childhood experiences, and unconscious thoughts to uncover underlying issues contributing to the client's current symptoms. Understanding that the therapist will focus on past relationships aligns with the core principles of classical psychoanalysis. Choice A is incorrect because the duration of classical psychoanalysis is typically longer than 6 weeks. Choice C is incorrect as changing behaviors is more aligned with behavioral therapy than classical psychoanalysis. Choice D is incorrect as classical psychoanalysis primarily focuses on unconscious thoughts rather than conscious feelings about stressful experiences.
4. A client has a new prescription for heparin. Which of the following laboratory results should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the medication?
- A. Prothrombin time (PT)
- B. International normalized ratio (INR)
- C. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
- D. Platelet count
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is the laboratory result that should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of heparin. Heparin works by prolonging the aPTT, and monitoring this parameter helps ensure the medication's effectiveness and safety in preventing clot formation. Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) are used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin, another anticoagulant. Platelet count is essential to assess platelet function and clotting disorders, but it is not specifically used to monitor heparin therapy.
5. Seizures in children MOST often result from:
- A. a life-threatening infection.
- B. an inflammatory process in the brain.
- C. an abrupt rise in body temperature.
- D. a temperature greater than 102°F.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Seizures in children most often result from febrile seizures, which are triggered by an abrupt rise in body temperature. Febrile seizures are common in young children, especially between the ages of 6 months to 5 years, and are usually associated with viral infections that cause a sudden spike in body temperature. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while infections, inflammatory processes, and high temperatures can sometimes lead to seizures, the most common cause of seizures in children is an abrupt increase in body temperature, known as febrile seizures.
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