ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment 2020 B
1. A healthcare professional is assessing a client for signs of hyperglycemia. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional look for?
- A. Increased thirst
- B. Weight gain
- C. Decreased urination
- D. Fatigue
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Increased thirst is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia due to the body trying to eliminate excess glucose through urine, leading to dehydration and increased thirst. Weight gain, decreased urination, and fatigue are not typical signs of hyperglycemia. Weight gain is more commonly associated with conditions like hypothyroidism or fluid retention. Decreased urination is not a typical symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels usually lead to increased urination. Fatigue can be a symptom of hyperglycemia, but it is not as specific or characteristic as increased thirst.
2. A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about breathing exercises. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use abdominal breathing during physical activity
- B. Inhale quickly and deeply through the nose
- C. Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity
- D. Breathe quickly and deeply during exercise
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity.' Pursed-lip breathing is a beneficial technique for clients with COPD as it helps improve airflow by keeping the airways open longer. Choice A is incorrect as abdominal breathing may not be as effective in COPD as pursed-lip breathing. Choice B, inhaling quickly and deeply through the nose, is not recommended as it can lead to hyperventilation. Choice D, breathing quickly and deeply during exercise, is also not suitable for clients with COPD as it can cause increased shortness of breath.
3. A client has a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following should the nurse educate the client about?
- A. It can cause weight gain
- B. It should be taken with meals
- C. It is an injectable medication
- D. It can cause hypoglycemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'It should be taken with meals.' Metformin should be taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects and improve absorption. Choice A is incorrect because metformin is actually associated with weight loss or weight neutrality. Choice C is incorrect as metformin is typically taken orally and not via injection. Choice D is also incorrect because metformin is not known to cause hypoglycemia as a primary side effect.
4. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who was admitted for acute kidney injury. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse expect to be elevated?
- A. Creatinine
- B. Magnesium
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. White blood cell count
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Creatinine is the correct answer. In acute kidney injury, creatinine levels are expected to be elevated due to impaired renal function. Magnesium, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count are not typically elevated in acute kidney injury. Magnesium levels may be affected in kidney disease, but elevation is not a common finding in acute kidney injury.
5. A nurse is teaching about foot care to a client who has diabetes mellitus (DM). What statement indicates understanding?
- A. I should wear my slippers whenever I am out of bed
- B. I can walk barefoot at home
- C. I should apply lotion between my toes
- D. I can soak my feet in warm water
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Wearing slippers or shoes when out of bed is crucial for clients with diabetes as it protects the feet from injury. Walking barefoot, as mentioned in option B, can increase the risk of cuts, sores, and infections in diabetic patients. Applying lotion between the toes, as stated in option C, can lead to maceration and increase the risk of fungal infections. Similarly, soaking feet in warm water, as mentioned in option D, can cause skin breakdown and should be avoided by diabetic patients.
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