ATI LPN
Maternal Newborn ATI Proctored Exam
1. A client in a prenatal clinic is pregnant and experiencing episodes of maternal hypotension. The client asks the nurse what causes these episodes. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. This is due to an increase in blood volume.
- B. This is due to pressure from the uterus on the diaphragm.
- C. This is due to the weight of the uterus on the vena cava.
- D. This is due to increased cardiac output.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Maternal hypotension during pregnancy is often caused by the weight of the uterus pressing on the vena cava when the client is lying on her back, which reduces blood flow to the heart. This compression can lead to a decrease in blood pressure and subsequent symptoms of hypotension. Choice A is incorrect because an increase in blood volume typically leads to increased blood pressure rather than hypotension. Choice B is incorrect as pressure from the uterus on the diaphragm is not a common cause of maternal hypotension. Choice D is incorrect because increased cardiac output would not directly cause maternal hypotension.
2. How should a healthcare provider assess and manage a patient with a potential myocardial infarction (MI)?
- A. Assess symptoms, monitor vital signs, order ECG
- B. Administer medications and monitor for pain
- C. Administer thrombolytics and oxygen therapy
- D. Educate patient on lifestyle changes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A. When assessing a patient with a potential myocardial infarction, it is crucial to assess symptoms, monitor vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate, and order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to evaluate for cardiac abnormalities. Choice B is incorrect because administering medications should be based on the findings of the assessment and diagnostic tests, not administered indiscriminately. Choice C is incorrect because the administration of thrombolytics and oxygen therapy should be based on specific criteria and should be done in a controlled setting. Choice D is incorrect as educating the patient on lifestyle changes is important for prevention but is not the immediate priority when managing a potential myocardial infarction.
3. A client with a new diagnosis of pancreatitis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching a client with pancreatitis is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. This dietary modification is crucial in managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations of pancreatitis. High-fat foods can put a strain on the pancreas, potentially leading to further complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen pancreatitis. Choice C is unrelated to pancreatitis management, as lactose intolerance is not directly linked to pancreatitis. Choice D is also incorrect, as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all individuals with pancreatitis due to the fat content in many dairy products.
4. The Dietary Guidelines are published and revised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in association with the:
- A. Department of Health and Human Services.
- B. National Institutes of Health.
- C. National Academy of Sciences.
- D. Food and Nutrition Board.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The U.S. Department of Agriculture collaborates with the Department of Health and Human Services to publish and revise the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This collaboration ensures that the guidelines encompass both agricultural and health aspects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly involved in the publication and revision of the Dietary Guidelines. The National Institutes of Health focuses on medical research, the National Academy of Sciences provides independent scientific advice, and the Food and Nutrition Board is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
5. From where are trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted?
- A. Small intestine.
- B. Liver.
- C. Stomach.
- D. Pancreas.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes involved in protein digestion. These enzymes are secreted by the pancreas, not the small intestine, liver, or stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in producing digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down proteins in the small intestine. The small intestine is the site where these enzymes act, not where they are secreted. The liver is responsible for producing bile, not digestive enzymes. The stomach secretes gastric juices but not trypsin and chymotrypsin. Therefore, the correct answer is the pancreas.
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