ATI LPN
ATI NCLEX PN Predictor Test
1. A client with a serum albumin level of 3 g/dL has a pressure ulcer. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Monitor the client's fluid and electrolyte balance
- B. Consult a dietitian to improve the client's nutritional status
- C. Administer a protein supplement
- D. Administer an anti-inflammatory medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first action for a client with a serum albumin level of 3 g/dL and a pressure ulcer is to consult a dietitian to improve the client's nutritional status. Adequate nutrition is essential for wound healing. Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance is important but not the first priority in this situation. Administering a protein supplement can be considered after dietary evaluation. Administering an anti-inflammatory medication is not the primary intervention for addressing a pressure ulcer related to low albumin levels.
2. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with hypertension?
- A. Monitor blood pressure and educate the patient about lifestyle changes
- B. Administer antihypertensive medications and provide dietary education
- C. Provide regular monitoring of blood pressure and administer diuretics
- D. Provide regular blood glucose monitoring
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing interventions for a patient with hypertension involve monitoring blood pressure and educating the patient about lifestyle changes. These interventions help in managing hypertension by keeping track of the patient's blood pressure readings and empowering them with knowledge to make lifestyle modifications such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Administering antihypertensive medications (choice B) is typically done by a healthcare provider rather than a nurse. While regular monitoring of blood pressure (choice C) is important, administering diuretics is a specific medical intervention that should be prescribed by a healthcare provider. Monitoring blood glucose (choice D) is more relevant for patients with diabetes rather than hypertension.
3. How would you classify a child at two years of age who has fast breathing without chest indrawing or stridor when calm?
- A. Very severe disease
- B. Pneumonia
- C. No pneumonia
- D. Local infection
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric clinical assessment, a child at two years of age with fast breathing but without chest indrawing or stridor when calm is classified as having pneumonia. Fast breathing in this context is a key symptom used in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines to diagnose pneumonia in children under five years old. The absence of chest indrawing or stridor when the child is calm helps differentiate this case from other respiratory conditions, making pneumonia the likely classification. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. 'Very severe disease' is too broad and not specific to the symptoms described. 'No pneumonia' is also incorrect as the symptoms match the presentation of pneumonia. 'Local infection' is too vague and does not specifically address the respiratory symptoms observed.
4. Which numerator is used in computing the general fertility rate?
- A. Estimated midyear population
- B. Number of registered live births
- C. Number of pregnancies in the year
- D. Number of females of reproductive age
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The general fertility rate is calculated by dividing the number of registered live births by the number of females of reproductive age (usually 15-45 years) and then multiplying the result by 1,000. This rate helps in understanding the average number of live births a woman in a specific population is expected to have during her reproductive years.
5. What are the primary differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of pathophysiology and treatment?
- A. Type 1: No insulin production; Type 2: Insulin resistance
- B. Type 1: Insulin resistance; Type 2: Insulin deficiency
- C. Type 1: Autoimmune; Type 2: Lifestyle-related
- D. Type 1: Insulin therapy; Type 2: Diet modification
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the absence of insulin production, while Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance. Choice B is incorrect because Type 1 diabetes is not related to insulin resistance. Choice C is inaccurate as Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune while Type 2 diabetes is more associated with lifestyle factors. Choice D is not correct since insulin therapy is primarily used in Type 1 diabetes, whereas diet modification is a common approach in managing Type 2 diabetes.
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