ATI LPN
Adult Medical Surgical ATI
1. A client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for chest pain. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Swallow the tablet whole.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Place the tablet under your tongue.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for chest pain is to place the tablet under the tongue. This route allows for rapid absorption of the medication, providing quick relief for chest pain associated with myocardial infarction.
2. Which pathogenic bacterium is associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer?
- A. Lactobacillus.
- B. Bifidobacterium.
- C. H. pylori.
- D. E. coli.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is H. pylori. This bacterium is known to be associated with the development of peptic ulcers and an increased risk of gastric cancer. Lactobacillus (Choice A) and Bifidobacterium (Choice B) are probiotic bacteria that are beneficial to human health and not associated with causing these conditions. E. coli (Choice D) is a diverse group of bacteria, some of which can be pathogenic, but they are not primarily linked to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer like H. pylori.
3. What are key signs of fluid overload?
- A. Edema
- B. Hypertension
- C. Shortness of breath
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: All of the above.' Edema, hypertension, and shortness of breath are key signs of fluid overload, particularly common in patients with heart failure. Edema refers to the swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, hypertension can be a result of fluid volume overload, and shortness of breath can occur due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. Therefore, all these signs collectively indicate fluid overload in a patient. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually as each alone may not necessarily indicate fluid overload, but when seen together, they strongly suggest fluid volume excess in the body.
4. Which of the following are contraindications to salicylic acid therapy?
- A. Third trimester of pregnancy
- B. Thrombocytopenia
- C. Coronary artery disease
- D. Adolescents with chickenpox
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Third trimester of pregnancy. Salicylic acid is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy due to the risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus. Thrombocytopenia (choice B) is not a contraindication to salicylic acid therapy. Coronary artery disease (choice C) is not a specific contraindication to salicylic acid therapy. However, caution should be exercised in patients with coronary artery disease due to the antiplatelet effects of salicylic acid. Adolescents with chickenpox (choice D) should not be given salicylic acid due to the risk of Reye Syndrome, a rare but serious illness.
5. When reinforcing teaching about self-care with a patient who has pelvic inflammatory disease and does not speak English, what action by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Provide written instructions in English.
- B. Use family members as translators.
- C. Seek assistance from a facility-approved interpreter.
- D. Use online translation tools.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When communicating with a patient who does not speak English, it is crucial to seek assistance from a facility-approved interpreter. Using family members as translators can lead to inaccuracies, breaches in confidentiality, and discomfort for the patient. Online translation tools may not provide accurate or context-specific translations, which can result in misunderstandings. Providing written instructions in English would not be effective if the patient does not understand the language.
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