ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions
1. A client with a history of chronic heart failure is being discharged. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Weigh yourself daily and report a weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a day.
- B. Restrict fluid intake to 2000 mL per day.
- C. Increase your salt intake to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
- D. Exercise vigorously at least three times a week.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to weigh yourself daily and report a weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a day. This instruction is crucial because daily weights help in early detection of fluid retention, a common complication in heart failure. Monitoring weight is essential for managing heart failure and preventing exacerbations. Choice B is incorrect because fluid restriction may be necessary in some cases of heart failure, but a general limit of 2000 mL per day is not appropriate without individual assessment. Choice C is incorrect as increasing salt intake can worsen fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because while exercise is beneficial for heart health, vigorous exercise may not be suitable for all heart failure patients and should be tailored to their specific condition.
2. A nurse is providing education on the use of calcium carbonate. Which of the following should be included?
- A. It can cause hypocalcemia
- B. Monitor for constipation
- C. It can be taken anytime
- D. It is a prescription medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor for constipation.' Calcium carbonate can cause constipation as a side effect. Educating clients on dietary adjustments, such as increasing fluid intake and fiber consumption, can help alleviate this issue. Choice A is incorrect because calcium carbonate supplementation is used to treat hypocalcemia, not cause it. Choice C is incorrect because calcium carbonate should be taken with food for optimal absorption. Choice D is incorrect because calcium carbonate is available over the counter, not as a prescription medication.
3. When teaching about community preparedness for a community group, the nurse should explain that the components of the national disaster medical system (NDMS) provide assistance in what form? Select all that apply.
- A. making available a nationwide bomb disposal squad team for the rapid removal of explosive devices
- B. Facilitating patient evacuation from the disaster area to a non-affected area
- C. organizing teams of healthcare providers who are experts and have specialized supplies and equipment
- D. providing mental health care for victims and healthcare providers in the community
Correct answer: B, C
Rationale: The correct answers are B and C. The NDMS is designed to provide medical response during disasters, assist in patient movement, and offer definitive care to disaster victims. This includes organizing teams of healthcare providers with specialized skills and equipment to respond effectively to emergencies. Patient evacuation from disaster areas to safer locations is also a key function of the NDMS to ensure the well-being of those affected by the disaster. Options A and D are incorrect because the NDMS does not provide bomb disposal services and is primarily focused on medical response rather than mental health care.
4. Why should the client diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease be advised to notify the dentist before dental procedures?
- A. The client requires prophylactic antibiotics before treatment.
- B. The client may experience dysrhythmias with high-speed drills.
- C. The client may have an adverse reaction to lidocaine with epinephrine.
- D. The client may develop heart failure during stressful events.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients with rheumatic heart disease are at risk for infective endocarditis, a serious infection of the heart lining or valves. They need prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures, including dental work, to prevent this life-threatening complication. While dysrhythmias with high-speed drills, adverse reactions to local anesthesia, and the risk of heart failure during stressful events are all concerns for clients with heart conditions, the primary reason for notifying the dentist before dental procedures in rheumatic heart disease is the need for prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis.
5. Which age group is most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
- A. Infants below 6 months
- B. Children aged 1-4 years
- C. Adolescents
- D. Elderly
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Children aged 1-4 years are most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their rapid growth and development, increased nutritional requirements, and sometimes inadequate diets. This age group is particularly susceptible to malnutrition if they do not receive adequate protein and energy-rich foods to support their growth and development.
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