a client is scheduled for a coronary artery bypass graft cabg surgery the nurse should prepare the client by reinforcing information about which post
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Nursing Elites

ATI LPN

LPN Pharmacology Assessment A

1. A client is scheduled for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The nurse should prepare the client by reinforcing information about which post-operative care measure?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging the client to cough and deep breathe frequently is essential post-operative care to prevent respiratory complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia after CABG surgery. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because post-CABG surgery, early mobilization is encouraged to prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pneumonia. Discharge within 24 hours is unlikely after CABG surgery, and early oral intake is encouraged to promote recovery and prevent complications.

2. The nurse is teaching a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) about the risk factors for the disease. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse emphasize?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) as it can be changed or controlled to reduce the risk of developing CAD. Family history, age, and gender are non-modifiable risk factors that cannot be changed. Emphasizing the importance of quitting smoking can help the client reduce their risk of CAD and improve their overall cardiovascular health. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (Family history), B (Age), and D (Gender) are non-modifiable risk factors and not the focus of modifiable risk reduction strategies in CAD prevention.

3. The LPN/LVN is assisting in caring for a client in the telemetry unit who is receiving an intravenous infusion of 1000 mL of 5% dextrose with 40 mEq of potassium chloride. Which occurrence observed on the cardiac monitor indicates the presence of hyperkalemia?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In hyperkalemia, tall, peaked T waves are a distinct ECG finding. These T waves can be seen as a result of increased serum potassium levels, affecting the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this ECG change promptly as hyperkalemia can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias and complications. ST segment depressions, shortened P-R intervals, and shortening of the QRS complex are not typically associated with hyperkalemia. ST segment depressions are more indicative of myocardial ischemia or infarction. Shortened P-R intervals may be seen in conditions like Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Shortening of the QRS complex is associated with conditions affecting the conduction system of the heart, such as bundle branch blocks.

4. When teaching a client who has a new prescription for metformin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metformin is to increase fluid intake. This is crucial to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of metformin. Adequate hydration helps reduce the risk of gastrointestinal upset and ensures the medication is well-tolerated. Option A is generally true for metformin but is not as essential as maintaining proper hydration. Option B is important but not directly related to starting metformin. Option D is incorrect as a metallic taste in the mouth is not typically associated with metformin.

5. A client with a history of coronary artery disease is prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor). What side effect should the nurse instruct the client to immediately report?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Muscle pain or tenderness.' This can be a sign of rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect of statins like atorvastatin (Lipitor). Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which muscle breakdown releases a protein that can damage the kidneys. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to report any muscle pain or tenderness immediately to prevent further complications. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are not typically associated with atorvastatin (Lipitor) use or indicative of a serious adverse effect that requires immediate reporting.

Similar Questions

A client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) reports chest pain radiating to the left arm. The nurse checks the client's blood pressure and administers nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingually. Five minutes later, the client is still experiencing chest pain. What is the next appropriate nursing action?
The healthcare provider is preparing to administer a calcium channel blocker to a client with hypertension. What parameter should be checked before administering the medication?
When assisting a hospitalized client newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) to make appropriate selections from the dietary menu, which meal should the nurse encourage the client to select?
A client has a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following adverse effects should the client be instructed to monitor and report?
Before administering digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client diagnosed with heart failure, the nurse should perform which assessment?

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