ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions
1. A client diagnosed with thrombophlebitis 1 day ago suddenly complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. The LPN/LVN understands that a life-threatening complication of this condition is which?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Pulmonary edema
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Myocardial infarction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a critical complication of thrombophlebitis where a blood clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, obstructing blood flow. This obstruction can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, and potentially fatal consequences, making it a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt intervention. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and myocardial infarction are not directly associated with thrombophlebitis and would not present with the sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath in this context.
2. The release of gastric secretions is stimulated by nerve and hormonal stimuli and the:
- A. ingestion of water.
- B. swallowing reflex.
- C. presence of food in the stomach.
- D. closing of the pyloric sphincter.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'presence of food in the stomach.' Gastric secretions are stimulated when food enters the stomach, triggering nerve and hormonal responses. This process prepares the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because ingesting water, swallowing reflex, and the closing of the pyloric sphincter do not directly stimulate the release of gastric secretions.
3. Which intervention is most important for a client with rheumatoid arthritis?
- A. Massage inflamed joints with creams and oils
- B. Provide support to flexed joints with pillows and pads
- C. Position the client on their abdomen several times a day
- D. Assist with heat application and range of motion exercises
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The most important intervention for a client with rheumatoid arthritis is to assist with heat application and range of motion exercises. Heat application helps reduce stiffness and improve joint flexibility, while range of motion exercises help maintain mobility and prevent contractures. Massaging inflamed joints with creams and oils may provide temporary relief but does not address the root cause of stiffness and limited mobility in rheumatoid arthritis. Providing support to flexed joints with pillows and pads can be helpful for comfort but does not actively promote mobility. Positioning the client on their abdomen several times a day is not a standard intervention for managing rheumatoid arthritis.
4. What is the proper technique for obtaining a blood specimen from a central venous line?
- A. Use sterile gloves and discard the first 10 mL of blood
- B. Flush the line with heparin and then draw the specimen
- C. Draw the specimen and then administer heparin
- D. Use non-sterile gloves to reduce contamination risk
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct technique for obtaining a blood specimen from a central venous line is to use sterile gloves and discard the first 10 mL of blood. This practice helps ensure that the blood sample collected is not contaminated. Choice B is incorrect because flushing the line with heparin before drawing the specimen can contaminate the sample. Choice C is incorrect as administering heparin before drawing the specimen can affect the accuracy of the blood sample. Choice D is incorrect as using non-sterile gloves increases the risk of contamination, which is not recommended when obtaining a blood specimen from a central venous line.
5. A 45-year-old woman with occasional indigestion has had episodes of chest pain and dysphagia to both solids and liquids. An upper GI series and EGD fail to disclose any structural abnormalities. What is the most appropriate initial therapy?
- A. Sucralfate
- B. Proton pump inhibitor
- C. Prokinetic agent
- D. Benzodiazepine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of chest pain and dysphagia suggest esophageal spasm, often related to underlying gastroesophageal reflux. The initial therapy should focus on acid suppression. Proton pump inhibitors are the preferred choice to reduce acid production and alleviate symptoms. If proton pump inhibitors are ineffective, other options like smooth muscle relaxants or antidepressants may be considered. A Heller myotomy is not indicated in this case as the patient does not have achalasia.
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