ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions
1. A client admitted with coronary artery disease (CAD) reports dyspnea at rest. What intervention should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Providing a walker to aid in ambulation
- B. Elevating the head of the bed to at least 45 degrees
- C. Performing continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation
- D. Placing an oxygen cannula at the bedside for use if needed
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) experiencing dyspnea at rest, the priority intervention should be to elevate the head of the bed to at least 45 degrees. This position helps reduce the work of breathing, optimizes lung expansion, and can alleviate symptoms of dyspnea by improving oxygenation and ventilation. Providing a walker for ambulation, monitoring oxygen saturation, and having an oxygen cannula at the bedside are important interventions but not the priority when the client is experiencing dyspnea at rest. Elevating the head of the bed is crucial to improve respiratory function and should be prioritized in this situation.
2. A nurse in a long-term care facility is observing a newly licensed nurse who is providing tracheostomy care for a client. The nurse identifies proper performance of the procedure when the newly licensed nurse selects which of the following solutions to clean the inner cannula?
- A. Normal saline
- B. Hydrogen peroxide
- C. Iodine
- D. Alcohol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used to clean tracheostomy cannulas to prevent infection. Normal saline (choice A) is used for wound irrigation but not for cleaning inner cannulas of tracheostomy tubes. Iodine (choice C) and alcohol (choice D) are not recommended for cleaning tracheostomy cannulas as they can be too harsh and irritating to the delicate tissues of the airway.
3. Which of the following is a key strategy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Routine immunization
- C. Antiretroviral therapy
- D. Nutritional supplementation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy is a crucial strategy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. By providing antiretroviral medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, the risk of transmitting the virus to the child is significantly reduced. This treatment approach has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child.
4. A client with a permanent spinal cord injury is scheduled for discharge. Which of the following client statements indicates that the client is coping effectively?
- A. “I would like to play wheelchair basketball. When I get stronger, I think I’ll look for a league.”
- B. “I’m glad I’ll only be in this wheelchair temporarily. I can’t wait to get back to running.”
- C. “I’m so upset that this happened to me. What did I do to deserve this, and why am I not getting better?”
- D. “I feel like I’ll never be able to do anything that I want to again. All I am is a burden to my family.”
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is the correct answer. This statement demonstrates effective coping as the client is showing acceptance of their disability and planning for the future with realistic goals. Choice B reflects denial of the permanent disability by stating that they will only be in a wheelchair temporarily. Choice C shows distress and a lack of acceptance by questioning why the injury happened and why they are not improving. Choice D indicates feelings of hopelessness and being a burden, which are not signs of effective coping.
5. What is the priority when managing a client with a chest tube postoperatively?
- A. Clamp the chest tube for 30 minutes every 4 hours
- B. Check for air leaks and proper functioning of the chest tube
- C. Encourage deep breathing and coughing every 2 hours
- D. Encourage frequent coughing to clear secretions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority when managing a client with a chest tube postoperatively is to check for air leaks and ensure the proper functioning of the chest tube. This is crucial to prevent complications such as pneumothorax or hemothorax. Clamping the chest tube intermittently can lead to a buildup of pressure in the pleural space and should not be done without a specific medical indication. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing helps with lung expansion but is not the priority over ensuring the chest tube's proper function. Encouraging frequent coughing may increase the risk of dislodging the chest tube or causing complications.
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