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1. A 50-year-old man presents with progressive jaundice, dark urine, and pruritus. Imaging reveals a mass in the head of the pancreas. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Pancreatic cancer
- B. Chronic pancreatitis
- C. Gallstones
- D. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of progressive jaundice, dark urine, and pruritus along with a pancreatic mass, particularly in the head of the pancreas, strongly suggests pancreatic cancer as the most likely diagnosis. These symptoms are classic for obstructive jaundice caused by a mass in the head of the pancreas, making pancreatic cancer the most fitting choice.
2. A nurse is teaching a group of assistive personnel (AP) about caring for clients with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Explain procedures clearly to the client before initiating care
- B. Encourage a variety of activities to engage the client
- C. Use simple and calm communication with a client who has difficulty speaking
- D. Provide supervision to prevent a client from becoming injured or lost
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients with Alzheimer's disease can be prone to wandering and getting lost. Providing supervision can help prevent injuries and ensure their safety. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because explaining procedures clearly, encouraging varied activities, and using simple communication are important but not specifically focused on the safety aspect of preventing clients from getting lost or injured.
3. A healthcare professional is discussing risk factors for urinary tract infections with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following conditions should the healthcare professional include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)
- A. Epidural anesthesia
- B. Urinary bladder catheterization
- C. Frequent pelvic examinations
- D. All of the Above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Urinary tract infections can be influenced by various factors. Epidural anesthesia, urinary bladder catheterization, and frequent pelvic examinations are all associated with an increased risk of UTIs. Epidural anesthesia can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, urinary bladder catheterization can serve as a pathway for bacteria to enter the bladder, and frequent pelvic examinations can disrupt the natural flora and introduce bacteria. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to be aware of these risk factors to help prevent and manage UTIs effectively. Choice D, 'All of the Above,' is the correct answer as all the listed conditions are significant risk factors for urinary tract infections. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them, when present, can contribute to the development of UTIs. It is essential for healthcare professionals to educate patients and colleagues about these risk factors to minimize the occurrence of UTIs.
4. The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse?
- A. Referring cases or patients to the midwife
- B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife
- C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife
- D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife is a key supervisory function of the public health nurse. This guidance helps the midwife in delivering care to clients effectively, especially in adhering to management guidelines such as those in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. While options A, C, and D involve various aspects of support and collaboration, providing technical guidance aligns directly with the supervisory role of ensuring quality and consistency in the care provided by midwives.
5. Which of the following is a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Ensuring skilled attendance at birth
- D. Offering genetic counseling
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Ensuring skilled attendance at birth is a crucial component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative aimed at reducing maternal and neonatal mortality rates. By having skilled professionals attend births, complications can be identified early and appropriate care provided promptly, contributing to improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
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