Nursing Elites

1. Who is credited with creating a written record of health care practices and dispelling the mythical aspect of health care?

• A. Hammurabi
• B. Florence Nightingale
• C. Hippocrates
• D. Apollo

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Hippocrates is credited with creating the first medical textbook, where he documented contemporary health care practices and separated them from the mythical belief that Apollo was responsible for health. Hippocrates' work laid the foundation for evidence-based medicine and emphasized the importance of observation and clinical experience in healthcare practices. Choice A, Hammurabi, is known for his code of laws rather than medical advancements. Florence Nightingale is recognized for her contributions to nursing and healthcare reform, not for creating a written record of health care practices. Apollo, a Greek god associated with healing, is part of the mythical aspect of health care that Hippocrates aimed to dispel.

2. In a system of care delivery in which RNs, LPNs, and unlicensed assistive personnel implement specific tasks like medication administration or personal hygiene for the entire nursing unit, what term describes this type of delivery system?

• A. Primary nursing
• B. Team nursing
• C. Functional nursing
• D. Total patient care

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Functional nursing is a care delivery model where tasks are divided among team members based on their respective roles. In this system, RNs, LPNs, and unlicensed assistive personnel are assigned specific tasks to carry out for the entire nursing unit, such as medication administration or personal hygiene duties. The other choices are incorrect: A) Primary nursing involves one nurse being responsible for all aspects of care for a group of patients, B) Team nursing involves a team of healthcare providers working together to provide care for a group of patients, and D) Total patient care refers to one nurse being responsible for all aspects of care for one patient.

3. What is the difference between mediation and binding arbitration based on the statement provided?

• A. Mediation is sanctioned by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to formally discuss concerns with management and labor
• B. Mediation uses a trained person to facilitate negotiations without making a final decision
• C. Binding arbitration is a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and must be adhered to by both parties
• D. Binding arbitration requires both labor and management to engage in discussions to find the least harmful resolution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The key difference between mediation and binding arbitration lies in the finality of the decision. In binding arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is ultimate, and both parties are obligated to comply with it. This differs from mediation, where a neutral third party facilitates negotiations but does not make a final decision. Choice A is incorrect as mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB; it can be conducted independently. Choice B is incorrect because mediation does not involve a final decision-maker but focuses on facilitating discussions. Choice D is incorrect as binding arbitration does not aim to find the least harmful resolution but rather a final and binding decision by the arbitrator.

4. What theme of critical thinking is demonstrated when an individual decides to return to school to obtain a bachelor of science degree in nursing?

• A. Critical thinking involves both productive and positive activities.
• B. Critical thinking is a process, not an outcome.
• C. Manifestations of critical thinking vary based on the context in which they occur.
• D. Critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The decision to return to school to obtain a bachelor of science degree in nursing can be triggered by various factors, both positive (like a desire for career advancement) and negative (like feeling limited without the degree). This decision reflects critical thinking as it involves a thoughtful evaluation of personal and professional goals, weighing potential benefits and consequences. Therefore, the theme of critical thinking demonstrated in this scenario is that critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not specifically address the concept of critical thinking being influenced by positive and negative events as demonstrated in the scenario.

5. Which statement accurately describes the NFLPN?

• A. It represents both registered nurses (RNs) and LPNs.
• B. It represents LPNs/LVNs only.
• C. It is open to anyone interested in nursing.
• D. It is open to anyone in the healthcare field.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) is the official membership organization specifically for licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational nurses (LPNs/LVNs). It is not inclusive of registered nurses (RNs) or other healthcare professionals; therefore, only LPNs/LVNs can join this organization. Choice A is incorrect because the NFLPN does not represent registered nurses (RNs). Choices C and D are also incorrect as the NFLPN is a specialized organization for LPNs/LVNs, not open to anyone interested in nursing or anyone in the healthcare field.

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