Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following signs is MOST indicative of inadequate breathing in an infant?

• A. Sunken fontanelles
• B. Heart rate of 130 beats/min
• C. Expiratory grunting
• D. Abdominal breathing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Expiratory grunting is a significant sign of inadequate breathing and respiratory distress in infants. It indicates that the infant is struggling to exhale properly, which can be a sign of various respiratory issues, including lung problems or airway obstruction. Monitoring and recognizing this sign promptly can help in providing timely interventions to support the infant's breathing and prevent further complications.

2. During a well-child visit, a 10-year-old child is found to be above the 95th percentile for weight and reports watching more than two hours of television daily. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child is:

• A. Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements
• B. Altered Growth and Development
• C. Ineffective Coping
• D. Altered Family Processes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing diagnosis for a 10-year-old child who is above the 95th percentile for weight and watches more than two hours of television daily would be 'Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements.' This diagnosis reflects the excessive intake of nutrients compared to the child's energy expenditure, which can contribute to weight gain. 'Altered Growth and Development' (choice B) is not the most appropriate diagnosis in this scenario, as the primary concern is related to nutrition and sedentary behavior rather than developmental issues. 'Ineffective Coping' (choice C) and 'Altered Family Processes' (choice D) are also not relevant to the child's weight status and television habits. Monitoring and addressing the child's dietary habits and sedentary behavior are essential to promote a healthier lifestyle and prevent further weight-related issues.

3. The word hormone is derived from the Greek 'hormao' meaning 'I excite or arouse.' Hormones communicate this effect through their unique chemical structures recognized by specific receptors on their target cells, their patterns of secretion, and their concentrations in the general or local circulation. Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?

• A. Producing new offspring
• B. Promoting growth and enhancing beauty
• C. Maintaining body temperature
• D. Fighting infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hormones play a crucial role in various bodily functions such as regulating metabolism, growth, and maintaining homeostasis. However, producing new offspring involves reproductive processes controlled by other systems in the body, not directly by hormones.

4. What is the purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle?

• A. Detect immediate life threats through a quick hands-on assessment.
• B. Identify if the child has a medical condition or a traumatic injury.
• C. Determine if the child's problem is respiratory or circulatory in nature.
• D. Form a general impression of the child without touching them.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The pediatric assessment triangle is used to form a rapid, hands-off general impression of the child's condition without directly touching them. This visual assessment helps in identifying children who require immediate attention and further evaluation.

5. When teaching a new mother how to perform perineal care, which instruction should be included?

• A. Use a front-to-back motion when cleaning the perineal area
• B. Use a peri-bottle filled with warm water after each voiding
• C. Avoid using any cleansing solution on the perineal area
• D. Apply powder to the perineal area to keep it dry

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Using a peri-bottle filled with warm water after each voiding is essential for proper perineal care as it helps cleanse the area without causing irritation and promotes healing. It is important to avoid using a back-to-front motion to prevent introducing bacteria into the urethra, and using powder may increase the risk of infection. Cleansing solutions specifically formulated for perineal care may be recommended but should be used under healthcare provider guidance.

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