ATI LPN
LPN Pediatrics
1. What is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children?
- A. Severe allergic reaction
- B. Dehydration
- C. Accidental poisoning
- D. Cardiac failure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dehydration is the most common cause of shock in infants and children. In children, the body's fluid reserves are smaller compared to adults, making them more susceptible to dehydration, which can lead to shock if not promptly addressed. Severe allergic reactions, accidental poisoning, and cardiac failure can also cause shock, but dehydration is the most frequent cause in this age group.
2. A healthcare professional is preparing to transfer a client from a chair to a bed. The client can bear partial weight and has upper body strength. Which device should the healthcare professional use?
- A. Hydraulic lift
- B. Stand-assist lift
- C. Wheelchair
- D. Mechanical lift
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A stand-assist lift is the appropriate device for transferring a client who can bear partial weight and has upper body strength. This device provides support for the client to stand up and be transferred safely. A hydraulic lift is more suitable for transferring clients who cannot bear weight. A wheelchair is used for mobility but not for transferring between a chair and a bed. A mechanical lift is typically used for transferring clients who are unable to bear weight or have limited mobility.
3. In public education on Typhoid fever, the condition mainly spreads through:
- A. Contaminated air
- B. Mineral water
- C. Contaminated food and water
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Typhoid fever is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, usually due to poor sanitation practices. The bacteria responsible for typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, is typically found in food or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Contaminated air is not a significant mode of transmission for typhoid fever, making choice A incorrect. While waterborne transmission can occur, it is through contaminated water rather than specifically mineral water, making choice B incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as contaminated food and water are the main sources of transmission for typhoid fever.
4. A healthcare professional is participating in the emergency care of a client who has just developed variceal bleeding. What intervention should the healthcare professional anticipate?
- A. Infusion of intravenous heparin
- B. IV administration of albumin
- C. STAT administration of vitamin K by the intramuscular route
- D. IV administration of octreotide
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for variceal bleeding is IV administration of octreotide. Octreotide helps control bleeding from varices by reducing portal blood flow and pressure, which is crucial in managing this emergency situation.
5. Following a recent lawsuit that implicated one of their colleagues, the nursing staff at an assisted-living facility are especially aware of the need to safeguard themselves legally. Which of the following measures should the nurses take? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Investigate whether their liability insurance is sufficient
- B. Ensure that work performed by unlicensed care staff under their supervision is adequate
- C. Avoid admitting residents who have living wills or advance directives
- D. Assess the competence of employees under their supervision
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Denying admission to residents with living wills or advance directives is not a legal safeguard measure and may be considered discriminatory. Measures like investigating liability insurance adequacy, ensuring adequate work by unlicensed staff, and assessing employee competence are all valid ways for nurses to protect themselves legally. These measures help in ensuring proper care, reducing risks, and maintaining a high standard of practice.
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