Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT an infectious cause of diarrheal diseases?

• A. Allergy
• B. Bacterial
• C. Parasitic
• D. Viral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Allergy is the correct answer as it is a non-infectious cause of diarrheal diseases. While bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections can lead to diarrhea by affecting the gastrointestinal tract, allergies are immune system reactions triggered by specific substances and are not caused by infectious agents. Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections are known to cause infectious diarrhea, making choices B, C, and D incorrect.

2. What is the most appropriate action to prevent heat loss in a newborn immediately after birth?

• A. Place the newborn in an incubator
• B. Bathe the newborn right away
• C. Dry the newborn thoroughly
• D. Feed the newborn

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Drying the newborn thoroughly is the most appropriate action to prevent heat loss immediately after birth. This helps to prevent heat loss through evaporation, which is crucial in maintaining the newborn's body temperature. Placing the newborn in an incubator can be a secondary step after ensuring the baby is dry. Bathing the newborn right away is not recommended as it can lead to further heat loss through evaporation. Feeding the newborn is important but not an immediate action to prevent heat loss; ensuring the baby is dry and warm takes precedence.

3. How can the nurse best assess that the parents demonstrate understanding of the dressing change procedure prior to discharge for their child with burns?

• A. The parents explaining the importance of using sterile technique to the nurse.
• B. The nurse observing the parents changing the dressing using appropriate technique.
• C. The parents observing the nurse changing the dressing and confirming their understanding of the procedure.
• D. The nurse allowing the parents to explain the dressing change procedure and perform it in private to boost their confidence.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most effective way for the nurse to assess the parents' understanding of the dressing change procedure is by observing them as they change the dressing using the correct technique. This direct observation ensures that the parents are able to perform the task correctly and confidently before discharge. Merely verbalizing or explaining the procedure may not accurately reflect the parents' competency in performing the actual task. Choice A involves the parents explaining to the nurse, which does not directly assess their practical skills. Choice C suggests the parents observing the nurse, which does not evaluate the parents' ability to perform the task independently. Choice D focuses on boosting the parents' confidence but does not directly assess their understanding and competency in performing the dressing change.

4. What is the most important intervention to decrease the stressors of hospitalization for a 9-month-old infant being treated for a bacterial infection?

• A. Encourage the infant's parents to remain at the bedside and actively participate in the infant's care.
• B. Provide a brightly lit environment for the infant.
• C. Play tapes of the mother's voice.
• D. Assign the same nurse to the infant as much as possible.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging the infant's parents to remain at the bedside and actively participate in the infant's care is crucial in decreasing the stressors of hospitalization for the infant. Parental presence provides comfort and security, promotes bonding, and maintains a sense of familiarity for the infant during a potentially stressful situation. This involvement can help reduce anxiety and promote better outcomes for the infant's emotional well-being and overall hospital experience. Providing a brightly lit environment (choice B) can actually increase stress for the infant, as infants generally prefer dimly lit environments for better sleep. Playing tapes of the mother's voice (choice C) may offer some comfort but does not substitute for parental presence. While assigning the same nurse to the infant (choice D) can provide continuity of care, it is not as effective as having the parents present for emotional support and bonding.

5. When managing Kofi, a 3-year-old who is on admission and being managed for pneumonia, the nurse has just administered ibuprofen to a child with a temperature of 38.8°C. The nurse should also take which action?

• A. Plan to administer salicylate (aspirin) in 4 hours
• B. Remove excess clothing and blankets from the child
• C. Sponge the child with cold water
• D. Withhold oral fluids for 8 hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Removing excess clothing and blankets helps to promote heat loss and reduce fever. This intervention, along with the administration of antipyretics like ibuprofen, can aid in lowering the child's temperature and improving comfort during fever episodes.

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